McCulloch County

Population 7,472 (2025) 1,066 sq mi

Large wildfires have burned 23,398 acres of McCulloch County since 1984, 81st most of 254 counties in Texas; the largest was the Gate 5 Fire in 2020.

Hazard fingerprint for McCulloch County Tornado: 36th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 57th percentile. Flood: 32th percentile. Hail & wind: 34th percentile. Heat: 0th percentile. Cold: 43th percentile. Winter: 21th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195030
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger6
  • Wildfire burn scars since 19846

At a glance

The record for McCulloch County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Acres burned since 1984

23,398

81st of 254 in Texas

6 large fires; the largest was Gate 5, 2020

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

30

144th of 254 in Texas

About as many as the typical Texas county

Details

Flood insurance claims

1

200th of 254 in Texas

$19,000 paid since 2025

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

2

153rd of 254 in Texas

None at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Strongest tornado

F3

May 6, 1969, 41.6 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

TS

Tropical storm (unnamed), 1886, 0.0 miles away

Federal disaster declarations

19

Most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and Flooding, 2025

Details

Record high

110°F

Reached 3 times, most recently June 29, 1980

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 2.5 years since 1950, 2 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

May 6, 1969

F3, 41.6 mile path

200 yards wide.

Most recent

Friday, March 15, 2024

EF1, 0.0 mile path

2 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 2 2 1960s: 2 2 1970s: 3 3 1980s: 6 6 1990s: 4 4 2000s: 7 7 2010s: 4 4 2020s: 2 2 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 2 F: 0 M: 3 A: 4 M: 16 16 J: 2 J: 0 A: 0 S: 2 O: 1 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in McCulloch County since 1950
Mar 15, 2024EF10.01000
Apr 12, 2020EF15.130000
May 18, 2019EFU0.15000
Oct 13, 2018EF00.520000
Jan 15, 2017EF22.045000
Mar 8, 2016EF11.718500
May 14, 2008EF01.08500
May 14, 2008EF00.15000
May 9, 2007EF01.54000
May 1, 2007EF01.83000
May 1, 2007EF03.33000
Jun 3, 2003F00.23000
May 4, 2002F03.015000
Mar 12, 1999F22.0000
May 31, 1995F00.11000
May 29, 1994F00.11000
May 3, 1991F00.21000
May 14, 1989F21.010000
Sep 17, 1988F00.21000
Sep 17, 1988F10.21000
Apr 16, 1982F00.11000
Apr 16, 1982F00.11000
May 15, 1981F12.010000
May 30, 1976F33.650000
Jan 20, 1973F10.52000
May 30, 1971F23.320000
May 6, 1969F341.620000
Apr 17, 1966F17.71,76000
Jun 3, 1959F00.11000
May 6, 1955F00.11000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within McCulloch County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

2 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

August 21, 1886

Unnamed storm, Tropical storm

0.0 miles at closest approach, winds near 58 mph.

Most recent

September 12, 1961

Carla, Tropical storm

87.9 miles at closest approach.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Carla196187.9Tropical storm48Category 4
Unnamed194256.2Tropical storm51Category 3
Unnamed192987.0Tropical storm60Category 1
Unnamed189795.6Tropical storm46Category 1
Unnamed18860.0Tropical storm58Category 4
Unnamed185134.2Tropical storm46Category 1
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

23,398 acres burned in 6 large fires since 1984, equal to 3.4% of the land.

Largest

July 14, 2020

Gate 5 Fire, 11,456 acres

11,462 acres inside McCulloch County.

Most recent

August 2, 2020

Mays Fire

9,726 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 2000: 202005: 5,3182020: 18,060 23,398 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Mays20205,6039,726
Gate 5202011,46211,456
Waldrop20209941,002
Unnamed20052,1812,183
Unnamed20053,1353,130
Unnamed2000202,924
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 21 days

Heavy smoke on 3 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

7.9 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

2 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 9 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 14 2012: 8 2013: 5 2014: 1 2015: 3 2016: 0 2017: 7 2018: 0 2019: 3 2020: 9 2021: 20 2022: 14 2023: 21 21 2024: 3 2025: 2 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

1 federal flood insurance claims since 2025, with $19,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year
Claims per year since 2025. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood46
  • Flood3
  • Heavy Rain1

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

September 19, 1936

Colorado River (TX) at Winchell, 62.20 ft

36.20 feet above the 26.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

July 4, 2025

San Saba River near Brady, 30.53 ft

Major flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Sep 19, 1936Colorado River (TX) at Winchell62.20+36.20Major
Aug 8, 1906Colorado River (TX) at Winchell56.20+30.20Major
Oct 15, 1930Colorado River (TX) at Winchell51.80+25.80Major
May 19, 1955Colorado River (TX) at Winchell46.37+20.37Major
Oct 6, 1959Colorado River (TX) at Winchell46.10+20.10Major
May 13, 1957Colorado River (TX) at Winchell46.00+20.00Major
Jul 24, 1938Colorado River (TX) at Winchell45.70+19.70Major
Oct 15, 1957Colorado River (TX) at Winchell44.56+18.56Major
May 1, 1956Colorado River (TX) at Winchell44.55+18.55Major
Jul 9, 1948Colorado River (TX) at Winchell39.68+13.68Major
Sep 11, 1952Colorado River (TX) at Winchell38.92+12.92Major
Jul 4, 2025San Saba River near Brady30.53+12.53Major
Sep 10, 1980Colorado River (TX) at Winchell38.04+12.04Major
Apr 27, 1957Colorado River (TX) at Winchell37.78+11.78Major
Jul 8, 1945Colorado River (TX) at Winchell37.66+11.66Major
Jul 23, 1938San Saba River near Brady29.10+11.10Major
Apr 20, 1949Colorado River (TX) at Winchell37.07+11.07Major
May 20, 1957Colorado River (TX) at Winchell36.28+10.28Major
Apr 26, 1990Colorado River (TX) at Winchell34.32+8.32Major
Aug 21, 1953Colorado River (TX) at Winchell34.18+8.18Major
Oct 6, 1930San Saba River near Brady25.90+7.90Moderate
Dec 20, 1991Colorado River (TX) at Winchell33.70+7.70Moderate
Jul 6, 1941Colorado River (TX) at Winchell33.64+7.64Moderate
Sep 8, 1980San Saba River near Brady25.50+7.50Moderate
Jun 19, 1940Colorado River (TX) at Winchell33.20+7.20Moderate

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Brady Creek at Brady26.029.10 ftJul 23, 19380
Colorado River (TX) at Winchell26.062.20 ftSep 19, 193618
San Saba River near Brady18.030.53 ftJul 4, 20252
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 143 of 1,581 months since 1895 (9%); the longest spell lasted 16 months.

143

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

50

Months in extreme drought

9%

Share of all months, severe or worse

71

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

September 2011

−5.99, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

16 months

May 1951 to August 1952.

Latest month

September 2026

−1.75, mild drought

Last severe month: June 2025.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 1 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 6 1911: 6 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 6 1918: 9 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 3 1922: 2 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 4 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 0 1931: 0 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 1 1935: 0 1936: 0 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 1 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 8 1952: 8 1953: 0 1954: 10 10 1955: 6 1956: 10 1957: 2 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 2 1963: 6 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 5 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 2 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 2 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 2 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 9 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 6 2007: 0 2008: 1 2009: 2 2010: 0 2011: 9 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 2 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 6 2023: 2 2024: 0 2025: 4 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

No earthquake of magnitude 2.5 or more is recorded within 50 miles of the county in the USGS catalogue, which begins in 1900.

Severe weather and other events

614 events in the National Weather Service record, 526 of them since 1996.

238

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

51

Hail, 2 inches or larger

68

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

31

Winter weather events since 1996

0

Heat events since 1996

8

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

May 4, 2002

4.50 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 12, 2014

96 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning200May 21, 2026

Costliest events since 1996

  1. May 21, 2026Lightning$6.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A lightning strike started a fire at a hotel in Brady. The Texas State Fire Marshal has ruled the building a total loss due to the extensive fire, smoke, and water damage.

  2. Apr 20, 1997Thunderstorm Wind$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Winds blew trees onto power lines in Brady. About three quarters of the town was without power.

  3. May 14, 2008Tornado$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A storm survey revealed that a tornado with winds between 65 and 85 mph caused damage to storage buildings, a marina, trees, and other vegetation along the southeast side of Brady Lake.

  4. Jun 22, 1997Flash Flood$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Five inches of rain fell in Brady with heavier rains in southwest McCulloch County. There was widespread street and road flooding throughout the county and Highway 71 was closed. The storms also caused numerous power outages.

  5. Oct 13, 2018Tornado$150,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    National Weather Service storm survey team found evidence of damage confirming an EFO tornado in Brady. Several trees lost limbs. One tree was uprooted, while another tree fell on a home. Some roof damage was also observed.

  6. Mar 12, 1999Tornado$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A tornado touched down southeast of Brady, heavily damaging a house and a barn.

  7. May 4, 2002Hail$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Most homes in the Pear Valley community received damage from baseball size hail that fell for several minutes.

  8. May 27, 2002Thunderstorm Wind$80,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The 70 MPH winds were also accompanied by golfball size hail. This combination did significant damage to a school and several homes in the area.

  9. May 27, 2002Thunderstorm Wind$80,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Winds up to 80 mph combined with golfball size hail to produce damage to trees, houses and automobiles.

  10. Nov 3, 2000Flood, Mcculloch$75,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy rainfall of 6 to 10 inches across Menard, McCulloch, and San Saba counties caused the San Saba River to climb out of its banks. The river crested near Menard on the afternoon of the 3rd at the flood stage of 18.0 feet. The river crested near San Saba just after midnight on the 4th at 29.7 feet, or 5.7 feet above flood stage. Minor damage occurred at the Menard City Park and at the Menard Sewage Plant, as well as the treatment plant and city park in Brady. Several homes and businesses suffered water damage, and agricultural damage was considered substantial. Many roads across Menard, McCulloch, and San Saba counties were closed, as low water crossings along both the San Saba…

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Brady, 0.7 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1893.

All-time high
110°F3 times, most recently Jun 29, 1980
All-time low
−2°FDec 23, 1989
Warmest night
80°F5 times, most recently Aug 11, 2023
Coldest day
15°FDec 23, 1989
Wettest day
9.55 inJul 4, 2025
Snowiest day
5.0 in3 times, most recently Feb 9, 1973
Hottest year
2011mean 68.4°F
Coldest year
1958mean 62.2°F
Wettest year
197146.52 in
Driest year
19548.98 in
Snowiest season
11.0 in1972-73
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Brady 32°F 60° 35° 1.2 Jan 63° 37° 1.6 Feb 72° 46° 2.2 Mar 79° 53° 1.8 Apr 86° 62° 4.0 May 92° 69° 2.8 Jun 95° 71° 2.6 Jul 95° 72° 2.2 Aug 89° 65° 2.7 Sep 80° 55° 2.7 Oct 69° 44° 1.9 Nov 62° 37° 1.2 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1975: 34 1976: 19 1977: 82 1978: 60 1979: 66 1980: 85 1981: 42 1982: 66 1983: 62 1984: 87 1985: 73 1986: 39 1987: 39 1988: 45 1989: 65 1990: 59 1991: 40 1992: 25 1993: 62 1994: 61 1995: 43 1996: 62 1997: 56 1998: 51 1999: 62 2000: 83 2001: 56 2002: 31 2003: 54 2004: 16 2005: 43 2006: 71 2007: 16 2008: 75 2009: 64 2010: 46 2011: 122 122 2012: 68 2013: 60 2014: 44 2015: 59 2016: 45 2017: 36 2018: 64 2019: 51 2020: 56 2021: 29 2022: 78 2023: 84 2024: 81 19751985199520052015
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 56.9.
Snowfall by winter 1975: 0.0 in 1976: 0.0 in 1977: 0.0 in 1978: 0.0 in 1979: 0.0 in 1980: 0.0 in 1981: 0.0 in 1982: 0.0 in 1983: 0.0 in 1985: 0.0 in 1986: 0.0 in 1987: 0.0 in 1988: 0.0 in 1989: 0.0 in 1990: 0.0 in 1991: 0.0 in 1992: 0.0 in 1993: 0.0 in 1994: 0.0 in 1995: 0.0 in 1996: 0.0 in 1997: 0.0 in 1998: 0.0 in 1999: 0.0 in 2000: 0.0 in 2001: 0.0 in 2002: 0.0 in 2003: 0.0 in 2004: 0.0 in 2005: 0.0 in 2006: 0.2 in 2007: 0.0 in 2008: 0.0 in 2009: 5.4 in 5.4 2010: 0.0 in 2011: 0.5 in 2012: 0.5 in 2013: 2.9 in 2014: 0.0 in 2015: 1.8 in 2016: 0.0 in 2017: 0.0 in 2018: 0.0 in 2019: 0.0 in 2020: 5.2 in 2021: 0.8 in 2022: 0.0 in 2023: 0.0 in 2024: 0.0 in 19751986199620062016
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

January 4

Earliest: November 8, 1955

Median last snow

February 13

Latest: March 21, 1970

58 of 83 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Brady (USC00411017), 1,711 ft elevation, 0.7 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1893 to November 30, 2025; 94.9% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

19 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and Flooding, July 6, 2025.

Federal disaster declarations
Jul 6, 2025FloodSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4879-TX
May 17, 2024FloodSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4781-TX
Feb 19, 2021Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormsMajor disasterDR-4586-TX
Feb 14, 2021Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3554-TX
Mar 25, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4485-TX
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3458-TX
Feb 25, 2019FloodSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4416-TX
Sep 9, 2011FireWildfiresMajor disasterDR-4029-TX
Mar 14, 2008FireWildfiresEmergencyEM-3284-TX
Jun 29, 2007Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1709-TX
Jan 11, 2006FireExtreme Wildfire ThreatMajor disasterDR-1624-TX
Sep 24, 2005HurricaneHurricane RitaMajor disasterDR-1606-TX
Sep 21, 2005HurricaneHurricane RitaEmergencyEM-3261-TX
Sep 2, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3216-TX
Sep 8, 2000FireTx-Deep Creek Fire-9/8/00Fire managementFM-2335-TX
Sep 1, 1999FireExtreme Fire HazardsEmergencyEM-3142-TX
Aug 26, 1998Severe StormTropical Storm CharleyMajor disasterDR-1239-TX
Sep 10, 1993DroughtExtreme Fire HazardEmergencyEM-3113-TX
May 19, 1989Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-828-TX

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where McCulloch County stands among 254 counties in Texas and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 195030144 / 254994 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger283 / 254866 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi2153 / 2541,323 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 198423,39881 / 254626 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims1200 / 2542,799 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$19,000194 / 2542,645 / 3,143
Disaster declarations19139 / 2541,704 / 3,143
Flood events since 199650122 / 2541,410 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199634665 / 254957 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 199631104 / 2542,411 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$7.6 million160 / 2542,143 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage2033 / 254208 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 1895143222 / 2541,106 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years7.9210 / 2542,931 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Brown County39116,481533
Coleman County4329,91713
Concho County2935,1281
Mason County11318,0105
Menard County4312,58538
San Saba County16441,90928

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00411017.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.