Clark County

Population 35,052 (2025) 1,210 sq mi

Clark County has recorded 44 tornadoes since 1950, 7th most of 72 counties in Wisconsin; the most recent was on May 15, 2025.

Hazard fingerprint for Clark County Tornado: 47th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 32th percentile. Hail & wind: 28th percentile. Heat: 47th percentile. Cold: 73th percentile. Winter: 69th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195044

At a glance

The record for Clark County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tornadoes since 1950

44

7th of 72 in Wisconsin

76% more than the typical Wisconsin county

Details

Flood insurance claims

35

41st of 72 in Wisconsin

$630,000 paid since 1978

Details

Strongest tornado

F4

June 4, 1958, 59.2 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

15

Most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, 2020

Details

Record high

106°F

Reached 3 times, most recently July 14, 1936

Details

Record low

−48°F

January 30, 1951

Details

Snowiest season

79.2in

Winter of 2022-23

Costliest event since 1996

$1.8M

Flash Flood, September 21, 2016

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 1.7 years since 1950, 3 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

June 4, 1958

F4, 59.2 mile path

880 yards wide; 4 killed along the whole path.

Most recent

Thursday, May 15, 2025

EF2, 4.6 mile path

Within the past year.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 4 4 1960s: 6 6 1970s: 1 1 1980s: 7 7 1990s: 0 2000s: 3 3 2010s: 5 5 2020s: 18 18 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 0 M: 12 12 J: 11 J: 7 A: 3 S: 5 O: 0 N: 1 D: 5 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Clark County since 1950
May 15, 2025EF24.623000
May 15, 2025EF12.410000
May 15, 2025EF02.47500
May 15, 2025EF10.810000
Jun 17, 2024EF00.84600
Jun 17, 2024EF10.94500
Jun 17, 2024EF00.42500
May 21, 2024EF14.011000
May 21, 2024EF01.47500
May 21, 2024EF12.27500
May 21, 2024EF14.015000
May 21, 2024EF19.112000
May 21, 2024EF17.030000
Dec 15, 2021EF10.95000
Dec 15, 2021EF21.15000
Dec 15, 2021EF27.47500
Dec 15, 2021EF22.825000
Dec 15, 2021EF23.125000
Sep 24, 2019EF14.76000
Jul 19, 2019EF10.34000
Jul 19, 2019EF00.23000
Aug 23, 2011EF27.620020
Jul 14, 2010EF130.815000
Jun 4, 2005F117.05000
Sep 30, 2002F00.25000
Jun 25, 2002F10.37020
Sep 26, 1986F10.55000
Aug 12, 1985F11.215000
Jun 7, 1984F212.015000
Aug 16, 1983F00.12700
Jul 19, 1983F21.020000
Jul 3, 1983F212.05700
Jul 15, 1980F10.11000
Sep 28, 1971F349.630050
Jun 26, 1969F247.510020
Jul 22, 1967F221.410020
Jun 30, 1967F14.110000
May 23, 1964F221.910000
Jun 23, 1962F22.31000
Nov 15, 1960F236.010000
Sep 22, 1959F00.53300
May 26, 1959F334.36720
Jun 4, 1958F459.288034
Jun 25, 1950F27.81701
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Clark County: 1.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 80 days

Heavy smoke on 22 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

28.2 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

21 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 43 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 5 2012: 15 2013: 12 2014: 10 2015: 20 2016: 4 2017: 14 2018: 22 2019: 15 2020: 18 2021: 50 2022: 19 2023: 80 80 2024: 39 2025: 21 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

35 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $630,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1993: 5 5 1993
Claims per year since 1978. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

1993: 5 claims

$106,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
5445624$552,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood24
  • Heavy Rain19
  • Flash Flood13

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

September 22, 2016

Black River (WI) at Hwy 95, 915.23 ft

7.23 feet above the 908.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

April 14, 2026

Black River (WI) at Hwy 95, 910.42 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Sep 22, 2016Black River (WI) at Hwy 95915.23+7.23Major
Sep 10, 1938Black River (WI) at Neillsville23.80+5.80Major
Jun 28, 1943Black River (WI) at Neillsville22.49+4.49Major
Jun 6, 1905Black River (WI) at Neillsville22.40+4.40Major
Sep 22, 2016Black River (WI) at Neillsville21.07+3.07Moderate
Apr 14, 2026Black River (WI) at Hwy 95910.42+2.42Moderate
Oct 25, 2023Black River (WI) at Hwy 95910.26+2.26Moderate
Apr 21, 2023Black River (WI) at Hwy 95909.88+1.88Minor
Jun 5, 1914Black River (WI) at Neillsville19.80+1.80Minor
Jun 20, 1993Black River (WI) at Neillsville19.30+1.30Minor
Sep 21, 1980Black River (WI) at Neillsville18.95+0.95Minor
Sep 24, 2010Black River (WI) at Neillsville18.77+0.77Minor
Sep 22, 1986Black River (WI) at Neillsville18.65+0.65Minor
Apr 1, 2023Black River (WI) at Hwy 95908.57+0.57Minor
Apr 18, 2019Black River (WI) at Hwy 95908.50+0.50Minor
Apr 18, 2019Black River (WI) at Neillsville18.42+0.42Minor
Jun 22, 2024Black River (WI) at Hwy 95908.04+0.04Minor
Feb 22, 2017Black River (WI) at Hwy 95907.98−0.02Action
May 31, 2013Black River (WI) at Hwy 95906.70−1.30Action

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Black River (WI) at Hwy 95908.0915.23 ftSep 22, 20161
Black River (WI) at Neillsville18.023.80 ftSep 10, 19383
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 106 of 1,581 months since 1895 (7%); the longest spell lasted 13 months.

106

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

45

Months in extreme drought

7%

Share of all months, severe or worse

11

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

May 1977

−7.04, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

13 months

August 1933 to August 1934.

Latest month

September 2026

−1.70, mild drought

Last severe month: July 2006.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 2 1896: 3 1897: 0 1898: 3 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 7 1911: 4 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 3 1922: 1 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 0 1931: 3 1932: 0 1933: 5 1934: 8 1935: 0 1936: 3 1937: 7 1938: 1 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 5 1949: 9 9 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 0 1954: 0 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 2 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 3 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 6 1975: 0 1976: 4 1977: 6 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 7 1989: 9 1990: 2 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 1 2004: 1 2005: 0 2006: 1 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

No earthquake of magnitude 2.5 or more is recorded within 50 miles of the county in the USGS catalogue, which begins in 1900.

Severe weather and other events

652 events in the National Weather Service record, 581 of them since 1996.

78

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

8

Hail, 2 inches or larger

166

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

101

Winter weather events since 1996

8

Heat events since 1996

23

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

June 18, 2001

3.50 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

August 26, 1990

91 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning302Nov 5, 2008
Dense fog and smoke219Feb 17, 2011

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Sep 21, 2016Flash Flood$1.8 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Flooding from the South Branch of O'Neill Creek covered County Highway Y south of Chili. Standing water covered State Highway 73 in Christie. The emergency manager reported around 65 locations across the county had water over the road or culverts washed out. Fifteen homes were damaged by the flooding. A state of emergency was declared for the entire county.

  2. Aug 23, 2011Tornado$1.4 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Two people were directly injured and there was an indirect loss of life from an EF2 tornado that tracked across the east central sections of Clark County near Chili. The death occurred when an oxygen machine stopped working due to a power outage caused by the tornado. The tornado was on the ground for just over 7 miles and destroyed four homes, damaged at least 19 others, destroyed four barns and 15 outbuildings with numerous other farm buildings damaged. One farmer lost several specialty birds including 12 peacocks and 16 guinea hens. Around 1500 residents across Clark County were without power after the storms moved through. Damages from the tornado are estimated to be around $1.5 million.

  3. Sep 23, 2010Flood$1.1 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Flooding caused numerous county and township roads as well as some state roads to be closed across the southern half of the county, mainly south of Greenwood. Many low-lying township roads were closed, while some culverts were damaged and needed replacing. The hardest hit areas included the townships of Hewitt, Lynn, Sherwood, and Washburn. Water surged out of Mead Lake into the South Fork Eau Claire River, which then overflowed County Road M. The River Road just southwest of Greenwood was closed as the Black River flowed over the road. A pickup tried to cross this portion of the road and was swept into the ditch. In Abbotsford, Lindon Street and Pickard Road were closed as the…

  4. Sep 6, 2015Flash Flood$1.1 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Flood waters from the Black River covered County Road G just west of Greenwood. Waters flowing through a drainage ditch undercut Chickadee Road near Gorman Avenue southwest of Willard. County Highway M was closed north of County Highway I when a culvert was washed out. This is the second time in three years that this section of County M has been washed out. County Highway B was undermined by water west of Humbird. The flood waters also prompted the closing of the county's ATV and horse trails. The flood waters damaged the dam at Emerson Lake with repairs estimated to cost almost a quarter of a million dollars. Highway damage along was estimated at $536,200.

  5. May 15, 2025Tornado$725,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    This strong tornado developed in fields west of Unity before tracking northeast toward Colby. As it moved through rural areas of northeastern Clark County, it damaged multiple farm outbuildings, trees, numerous power poles, and a home. NWS Storm Survey indicated EF2 damage to this home as the majority of its roof was removed with the attached garage heavily damaged. The tornado continued into the southeastern edge of Colby where multiple outbuildings, a home, and a car dealership sustained damage. The tornado moved into Marathon County before it quickly dissipated.

  6. Jun 4, 2005Tornado$600,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A tornado touched down near Loyal (Clark County), knocking down a pole barn and power lines. The tornado continued on a 17 mile long path, touching down intermittently. Several farm buildings along the tornado's path were damaged, along with one business being completely destroyed. A second tornado touched down near Medford (Taylor County), which damaged a house and nearby trees. The third and final tornado occured near Gilman (Taylor County), damaging a residence and blowing a boat across a field. The tornado also overturned a few trees and blew some debris from nearby buildings into a field.

  7. May 19, 1996Thunderstorm Wind$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A fast moving line of severe thunderstorms caused wind gusts of 90 mph. Several barns were damaged or destroyed in the Loyal area, while numerous trees were blown down across the county. Barns and mobile home were damaged in Pine Valley township and in the Greenwood area.

  8. Jun 22, 2002Flash Flood$345,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Repeated thunderstorms with heavy rain caused flash flooding over parts of central Wisconsin. Hardest hit was the northeast part of Adams County where Doppler radar estimated total amounts of 15 inches. Cooperative weather observers reported 5 inches of rain at Big Flats, 7 inches in Leola and 10 to 12 inches in areas just north and east of Leola. Numerous roads were closed or badly eroded, with many bridges washed out. Area lakes were full, while levees and dikes nearly breached. Many basements and septic fields flooded out. In northeast Clark County, numerous roads were damaged and closed. Both Adams and Clark County received federal disaster assistance due to the flooding,…

  9. May 21, 2024Tornado$330,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A tornado touched down southwest of Unity, moved through the village, and ended northeast of town in Marathon County (NWS Green Bay's warning area). Besides damage to trees and power lines, several homes and garages had extensive damage, especially to roofs.

  10. May 21, 2024Tornado$270,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    This tornado occurred on the left flank of a broad area of downburst wind damage with the tornado path intermittent in nature as the downburst mixed in at times. Multiple farmsteads were hit with damage mainly to trees and outbuildings.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Neillsville 3ESE, 17.3 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1893.

All-time high
106°F3 times, most recently Jul 14, 1936
All-time low
−48°FJan 30, 1951
Warmest night
82°FJul 27, 1941
Coldest day
−26°FJan 24, 1904
Wettest day
5.00 inAug 8, 1980
Snowiest day
20.0 inDec 28, 1904
Hottest year
2024mean 47.5°F
Coldest year
1950mean 39.5°F
Wettest year
190044.31 in
Driest year
195820.03 in
Snowiest season
79.2 in2022-23
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Neillsville 3ESE 32°F 24° 6° 1.1 Jan 29° 8° 1.1 Feb 42° 20° 1.8 Mar 55° 32° 3.4 Apr 68° 43° 4.2 May 77° 53° 5.0 Jun 81° 57° 3.5 Jul 79° 55° 3.8 Aug 72° 47° 3.6 Sep 59° 36° 3.0 Oct 43° 25° 1.6 Nov 29° 13° 1.5 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1976: 200 200 1977: 154 1978: 177 1979: 178 1980: 179 1981: 168 1982: 168 1983: 175 1984: 173 1985: 169 1986: 168 1987: 168 1988: 189 1989: 178 1990: 181 1991: 182 1992: 183 1993: 193 1994: 172 1995: 176 1996: 187 1997: 194 1998: 187 2000: 176 2001: 167 2002: 190 2003: 176 2004: 166 2005: 177 2006: 171 2007: 133 2008: 180 2010: 162 2011: 175 2012: 158 2013: 187 2014: 188 2015: 156 2016: 146 2017: 154 2018: 192 2019: 173 2020: 182 2021: 164 2022: 175 2023: 167 2024: 154 2025: 165 19761986199620072018
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 171.5.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 32.0 in 1977: 41.0 in 1978: 50.0 in 1979: 29.5 in 1980: 14.5 in 1981: 31.5 in 1982: 42.0 in 1983: 43.5 in 1984: 52.5 in 1985: 44.7 in 1986: 37.0 in 1987: 30.0 in 1989: 34.0 in 1990: 36.0 in 1991: 54.5 in 1992: 56.0 in 1993: 41.8 in 1994: 44.0 in 1995: 46.0 in 1996: 70.0 in 1997: 46.1 in 1998: 29.6 in 1999: 25.6 in 2000: 45.6 in 2001: 31.0 in 2002: 25.0 in 2003: 25.0 in 2004: 30.7 in 2005: 27.6 in 2007: 57.9 in 2008: 47.8 in 2009: 23.5 in 2010: 52.9 in 2011: 17.0 in 2012: 70.0 in 2013: 56.0 in 2014: 31.2 in 2015: 34.7 in 2016: 43.3 in 2017: 48.9 in 2018: 73.5 in 2019: 50.8 in 2020: 27.5 in 2021: 38.7 in 2022: 79.2 in 79.2 2023: 25.0 in 2024: 28.3 in 2025: 46.5 in 19761986199720082018
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 16

Earliest: September 26, 1942

Median last snow

April 6

Latest: May 8, 1960

0 of 87 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Neillsville 3ESE (USC00475808), 1,080 ft elevation, 17.3 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1893 to October 20, 2026; 97.6% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

15 since 1953. The most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, April 4, 2020.

Federal disaster declarations
Apr 4, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4520-WI
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3454-WI
Aug 27, 2019FloodSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4459-WI
Aug 10, 2018FloodSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4383-WI
Oct 20, 2016FloodSevere Storms, Flooding, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4288-WI
Oct 21, 2010Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1944-WI
Sep 13, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3249-WI
Jun 18, 2004Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1526-WI
Sep 10, 2002TornadoSevere Storms, Tornadoes and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1432-WI
Jul 19, 2002Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1429-WI
May 11, 2001FloodFlooding, Severe Storms and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1369-WI
Jul 24, 1998Severe StormSevere Storms,Straigh Line Winds, Tornadoes,Rain,and FloodiMajor disasterDR-1236-WI
Jul 2, 1993Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-994-WI
Jun 17, 1976DroughtDroughtEmergencyEM-3014-WI
Apr 27, 1973FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-376-WI

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Clark County stands among 72 counties in Wisconsin and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 1950447 / 72529 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger39 / 72571 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims3541 / 721,818 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$630,00032 / 721,685 / 3,143
Disaster declarations1516 / 722,305 / 3,143
Flood events since 19965618 / 721,278 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199633718 / 721,001 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 199610146 / 72937 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$12.6 million44 / 721,812 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage424 / 72981 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189510651 / 722,181 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years28.226 / 72332 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Chippewa County390046
Eau Claire County270058
Jackson County180029
Marathon County630069
Taylor County11000
Wood County190048

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00475808.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.