Rowan County

Population 24,476 (2025) 280 sq mi

Property owners in Rowan County have filed 293 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 24th most of 120 counties in Kentucky.

Hazard fingerprint for Rowan County Tornado: 14th percentile. Tropical: 20th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 88th percentile. Hail & wind: 83th percentile. Heat: 47th percentile. Cold: 62th percentile. Winter: 66th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 19502
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger4
  • Major flood years since 19784

At a glance

The record for Rowan County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Flood insurance claims

293

24th of 120 in Kentucky

$5.2 million paid since 1978

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

3

6th of 120 in Kentucky

None at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

2

109th of 120 in Kentucky

Fewer than the typical Kentucky county, which has had 10

Details

Strongest tornado

F2

May 18, 1995, 2.0 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

TS

Tropical storm (unnamed), 1888, 15.6 miles away

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

5.0magnitude

July 27, 1980, 17.1 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

32

Most recent: Severe Winter Storm, 2026

Details

Record high

106°F

August 19, 1936

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 38 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

May 18, 1995

F2, 2.0 mile path

200 yards wide.

Most recent

Thursday, May 18, 1995

F2, 2.0 mile path

31 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 0 1980s: 0 1990s: 2 2 2000s: 0 2010s: 0 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 0 M: 2 2 J: 0 J: 0 A: 0 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Rowan County since 1950
May 18, 1995F22.020000
May 28, 1990F10.52300
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Rowan County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

3 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

August 21, 1888

Unnamed storm, Tropical storm

15.6 miles at closest approach, winds near 52 mph.

Most recent

October 5, 1995

Opal, Post-tropical

8.6 miles at closest approach.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Opal19958.6Post-tropical46Category 4
Hugo198977.3Tropical storm48Category 5
Frederic197914.5Tropical storm40Category 4
Audrey19575.0Tropical storm44Category 3
Unnamed193292.5Post-tropical40Tropical storm
Unnamed191527.4Post-tropical40Category 4
Unnamed189257.8Post-tropical49Tropical storm
Unnamed188815.6Tropical storm52Category 3
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 51 days

Heavy smoke on 11 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

13.3 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

10 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 33 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 3 2012: 4 2013: 1 2014: 3 2015: 7 2016: 0 2017: 1 2018: 4 2019: 9 2020: 13 2021: 24 2022: 9 2023: 51 51 2024: 12 2025: 10 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

293 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $5.2 million paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 2002: 41 2004: 30 2010: 106 106 2011: 6 2015: 57 2017: 14 2018: 14 20022017
Claims per year since 1978. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

2010: 106 claims

$2.5 million paid.

2nd most

2015: 57 claims

$1.4 million paid.

3rd most

2002: 41 claims

$276,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
40351271$4.8 million
4031314$213,000
403197$28,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood48
  • Flood20
  • Heavy Rain5

2 deaths recorded in flood events since 1996.

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 85 of 1,581 months since 1895 (5%); the longest spell lasted 15 months.

85

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

31

Months in extreme drought

5%

Share of all months, severe or worse

2

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

January 1931

−6.15, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

15 months

September 1953 to November 1954.

Latest month

September 2026

−1.14, mild drought

Last severe month: September 2007.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 3 1901: 1 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 2 1905: 2 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 1 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 7 1931: 7 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 0 1935: 0 1936: 3 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 5 1942: 2 1943: 2 1944: 3 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 4 1954: 11 11 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 1 1964: 6 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 1 1987: 2 1988: 4 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 2 1999: 8 2000: 5 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 1 2006: 1 2007: 1 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes and landslides

4 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 5.0 in 1980.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

12

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

4

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

1

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

July 27, 1980

Magnitude 5.0

2 km SW of Sharpsburg, Kentucky; 17.1 miles away, 6.2 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

December 16, 2024

Magnitude 3.1

1 km NW of Chesapeake, Ohio; 43.9 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 1 1980: 1 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 2 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 1 1988: 3 3 1989: 1 1990: 1 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 1 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 1 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Sep 6, 19884.413.83.18 km NNE of Camargo, Kentucky
Sep 6, 19884.611.36.26 km W of Owingsville, Kentucky
Jul 27, 19805.017.16.22 km SW of Sharpsburg, Kentucky
May 17, 19014.233.1—Near Portsmouth, Ohio
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

30

Landslides mapped, probable or better

14

With a recorded date

2

Source inventories

Mapped by KY GS (26), NASA (4).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

429 events in the National Weather Service record, 415 of them since 1996.

17

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

1

Hail, 2 inches or larger

136

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

94

Winter weather events since 1996

8

Heat events since 1996

14

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

May 16, 2025

2.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

July 14, 2015

90 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning211Apr 2, 2006
Dense fog and smoke312Feb 2, 2019

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Mar 1, 1997Flash Flood$350,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Roads were flooded and some people had to be evacuated.

  2. Feb 18, 2000Flash Flood$350,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Training effects from thunderstorms brought several hours of very heavy rains to the county. A home was severly damaged by a mud and rock slide. A furniture store had extensive damage due to flooding on Triplett Creek. Several roads received damage due to flooding across the county as well.

  3. Sep 9, 2018Flood$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Several vehicles were submerged in water in Morehead, including police cruisers. Several roads were closed due to water covering them from overflowing creeks and streams. Additionally, a nine year old boy was swept into a culvert by flood waters near Morehead. His body was found a week later in the Triplett Creek area.

  4. Jul 13, 2015Flash Flood$160,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Severe flash flooding occurred on Hayes Branch of Triplett Creek in Rowan County along US 60E northeast of Morehead where a CoCoRaHS observer measured 2.02 of rain in 30 minutes. This caused extensive flooding of around 150 residences. Swift water rescues were performed to rescue two individuals from their vehicle which stalled in flood waters on US 60E.

  5. Feb 2, 2019Freezing Fog, Rowan$80,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Dense fog formed during the overnight hours into the morning of February 2. In addition to limited visibilities, sub-freezing temperatures allowed for lingering moisture to freeze. This became an issue on Interstate 64 between mile marker 117 in Bath County and the Rowan/Carter County line. Multiple vehicles, including one carrying hazardous material, were involved in crashes.

  6. Jul 23, 2017Flood$75,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Law enforcement reported the continuation of numerous water rescues and stranded motorists as heavy rains came to an end. Water also continued to infiltrate homes prior to the flood waters receding later in the night.

  7. Sep 17, 2004Flood, Rowan$75,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Water reported over Highway 60 West at Cincinnati Branch.

  8. Aug 11, 2003Flash Flood$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Numerous homes were inundated with water in Coppers Hollow and a nearby road was impassable due to high water.

  9. Jun 22, 1996Flash Flood$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Water covered numerous roads from 15 miles north of Morehead to Haldeman. Propane tanks and trailers were washed out and floating across roads in Morehead. Report was from state police.

  10. Jun 2, 2009Thunderstorm Wind$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Numerous trees and power lines were blown down in Morehead.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Cave Run Lake, 6.9 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1904.

All-time high
106°FAug 19, 1936
All-time low
−28°FJan 28, 1963
Warmest night
87°FJul 29, 1930
Coldest day
−8°FJan 21, 1985
Wettest day
6.85 inMay 3, 2010
Snowiest day
12.0 in3 times, most recently Jan 23, 2016
Hottest year
2024mean 58.4°F
Coldest year
1978mean 52.0°F
Wettest year
201874.48 in
Driest year
194133.01 in
Snowiest season
45.9 in1959-60
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Cave Run Lake 32°F 43° 25° 3.5 Jan 47° 27° 3.7 Feb 58° 34° 4.2 Mar 69° 43° 4.7 Apr 76° 53° 5.3 May 83° 61° 5.0 Jun 86° 65° 6.2 Jul 86° 63° 3.9 Aug 81° 57° 3.9 Sep 70° 45° 3.3 Oct 58° 35° 3.0 Nov 47° 30° 3.9 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1976: 0 1977: 8 1978: 1 1979: 0 1980: 13 1981: 0 1982: 1 1983: 23 1984: 3 1985: 0 1986: 9 1987: 8 1988: 25 1989: 4 1990: 5 1991: 8 1992: 0 1993: 13 1994: 9 1995: 14 1996: 2 1997: 3 1998: 10 1999: 32 32 2000: 4 2001: 0 2002: 20 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 12 2006: 8 2007: 26 2008: 7 2009: 0 2010: 15 2011: 5 2012: 12 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 3 2025: 0 19761986199620062016
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 5.3.
Snowfall by winter 1982: 0.0 in 1983: 1.6 in 1989: 4.5 in 1990: 0.8 in 1991: 1.0 in 1993: 1.6 in 1995: 14.4 in 1996: 0.0 in 1997: 15.7 in 1998: 3.8 in 1999: 8.3 in 2000: 10.6 in 2001: 5.1 in 2002: 15.5 in 2003: 10.1 in 2004: 4.7 in 2005: 3.8 in 2006: 11.5 in 2007: 3.9 in 2008: 16.3 in 2009: 29.2 in 2010: 29.6 in 29.6 2011: 9.6 in 2012: 8.4 in 2013: 25.4 in 2014: 28.7 in 2015: 26.5 in 2016: 4.0 in 2017: 12.0 in 2018: 7.2 in 2019: 6.5 in 2020: 18.2 in 2021: 23.6 in 2022: 1.1 in 2023: 8.8 in 2025: 14.5 in 1982199920092019
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

December 8

Earliest: October 30, 2012

Median last snow

March 4

Latest: April 21, 2021

3 of 77 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Cave Run Lake (USC00152791), 840 ft elevation, 6.9 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1904 to October 27, 2026; 98.5% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

32 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, January 24, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Jan 24, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3633-KY
Apr 3, 2025Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingEmergencyEM-3626-KY
Feb 16, 2025Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, and LandslidesEmergencyEM-3624-KY
Nov 26, 2024Tropical StormRemnants of Hurricane HeleneMajor disasterDR-4848-KY
Mar 31, 2021Severe Ice StormSevere Winter Storms, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4592-KY
Mar 28, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4497-KY
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3469-KY
Aug 12, 2015Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslideMajor disasterDR-4239-KY
May 12, 2015FloodSevere Winter Storm, Snowstorm, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4218-KY
May 1, 2015FloodSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4217-KY
Mar 6, 2012Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4057-KY
May 4, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1976-KY
Jul 23, 2010Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-1925-KY
May 11, 2010Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, Mudslides, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1912-KY
Feb 5, 2009Severe Ice StormSevere Winter Storm and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1818-KY
Jan 28, 2009Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3302-KY
Sep 10, 2005HurricaneHurricane KatrinaEmergencyEM-3231-KY
Jun 10, 2004Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Flooding, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-1523-KY
Jul 2, 2003Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, Mud and Rock Slides, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1475-KY
Jun 3, 2003Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, Mud and Rock Slides, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1471-KY
Mar 14, 2003Severe StormSevere Winter Ice and Snow Storms, Heavy Rain, Flooding, Tornadoes, and Mud andMajor disasterDR-1454-KY
Apr 4, 2002Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1407-KY
Aug 15, 2001Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1388-KY
Feb 28, 2000Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1320-KY
Mar 3, 1998Severe StormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-1207-KY
Mar 4, 1997Severe StormSevere Storm, Flooding, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1163-KY
Jan 13, 1996SnowstormBlizzard of 96Major disasterDR-1089-KY
Jun 13, 1995TornadoTornadoes, Severe Winds, HailMajor disasterDR-1055-KY
Mar 16, 1994SnowstormSevere Weather, Freezing Rain, Sleet, SnwMajor disasterDR-1018-KY
Mar 16, 1993SnowstormSevere Snowfall & Winter StormEmergencyEM-3104-KY
Feb 24, 1989FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-821-KY
Dec 12, 1978FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-568-KY

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Rowan County stands among 120 counties in Kentucky and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19502109 / 1202,866 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi36 / 1201,131 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims29324 / 120745 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$5.2 million27 / 120714 / 3,143
Disaster declarations3230 / 120305 / 3,143
Flood events since 19967352 / 120958 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199621752 / 1201,825 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19969432 / 1201,044 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$2.3 million101 / 1202,715 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189585112 / 1202,763 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years13.3100 / 1201,945 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900435 / 120793 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Bath County1030100
Carter County330449
Elliott County132,1202
Fleming County103049
Lewis County730116
Menifee County63917
Morgan County533,84449

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00152791.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.