Washington County
Population 31,334 (2025) 2,563 sq mi
14 tropical storms and hurricanes have passed within 50 miles of Washington County since 1851, 2 of them at hurricane strength; the strongest was Carol in 1953 (Category 1).
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 19506
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger25
- Wildfire burn scars since 19844
At a glance
The record for Washington County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Acres burned since 1984
3,434
Most of any of Maine’s 16 counties
4 large fires; the largest was Sunken Str, 1985
DetailsStrongest tornado
F2
September 15, 1961, 19.1 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
Cat. 1
Hurricane Carol, 1953, 41.9 miles away
Tornadoes
About one every 13 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
September 15, 1961
F2, 19.1 mile path
33 yards wide.
Most recent
Monday, August 12, 2019
EF1, 0.2 mile path
7 years ago.
Every recorded tornado
| Aug 12, 2019 | EF1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 17, 2013 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 21, 1973 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 10, 1965 | F1 | 1.0 | 3 | 0 |
| Sep 15, 1961 | F2 | 19.1 | 1 | 0 |
| May 29, 1961 | F0 | 4.7 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Washington County: 0.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
14 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 2 at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
September 7, 1953
Carol, Category 1
41.9 miles at closest approach, winds near 83 mph.
Most recent
September 17, 2023
Lee, Post-tropical
37.7 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Lee | 2023 | 37.7 | Post-tropical |
| Ida | 2021 | 58.9 | Post-tropical |
| Elsa | 2021 | 1.0 | Post-tropical |
| Arthur | 2014 | 42.5 | Post-tropical |
| Andrea | 2013 | 13.7 | Post-tropical |
| Irene | 2011 | 91.5 | Post-tropical |
| Kyle | 2008 | 63.5 | Tropical storm |
| Hanna | 2008 | 27.3 | Post-tropical |
| Noel | 2007 | 65.5 | Post-tropical |
| Beryl | 2006 | 73.2 | Post-tropical |
| Floyd | 1999 | 0.0 | Post-tropical |
| Josephine | 1996 | 67.9 | Post-tropical |
| Bertha | 1996 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Bob | 1991 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Alberto | 1988 | 51.0 | Tropical storm |
| Gloria | 1985 | 77.1 | Post-tropical |
| David | 1979 | 6.7 | Post-tropical |
| Blanche | 1975 | 97.8 | Category 1 |
| Carrie | 1972 | 0.0 | Post-tropical |
| Heidi | 1971 | 36.7 | Tropical storm |
| Doria | 1971 | 88.8 | Tropical storm |
| Gerda | 1969 | 0.0 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1967 | 48.5 | Post-tropical |
| Ginny | 1963 | 78.5 | Category 2 |
| Daisy | 1962 | 84.7 | Post-tropical |
| Frances | 1961 | 31.0 | Post-tropical |
| Donna | 1960 | 58.4 | Tropical storm |
| Brenda | 1960 | 65.2 | Post-tropical |
| Cindy | 1959 | 0.3 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1958 | 96.2 | Post-tropical |
| Edna | 1954 | 0.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1954 | 94.7 | Post-tropical |
| Carol | 1953 | 41.9 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1952 | 0.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1949 | 61.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1944 | 99.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1944 | 0.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1940 | 97.3 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1940 | 44.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1937 | 69.5 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1937 | 88.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 52.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1932 | 0.9 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1927 | 90.5 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1924 | 57.5 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1917 | 38.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1908 | 36.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1904 | 40.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1902 | 0.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1900 | 42.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1900 | 61.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1899 | 3.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1896 | 46.2 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1894 | 81.9 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 34.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 97.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1891 | 95.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1889 | 0.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 47.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 14.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 53.3 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1887 | 22.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1885 | 0.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1880 | 6.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1879 | 47.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1877 | 96.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1877 | 41.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1875 | 71.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1874 | 14.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1869 | 45.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1869 | 77.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1861 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1858 | 81.5 | Tropical storm |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
3,434 acres burned in 4 large fires since 1984, equal to 0.2% of the land.
Largest
April 30, 1985
Sunken Str Fire, 1,200 acres
1,201 acres inside Washington County.
Most recent
May 9, 2006
Centerville Fire
704 acres in total.
Every large fire
| Centerville Fire | 2006 | 704 | 704 |
| Unnamed | 2001 | 627 | 626 |
| Sunken Str | 1985 | 1,201 | 1,200 |
| Unnamed | 1984 | 900 | 899 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 44 days
Heavy smoke on 6 days in 2021, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
14.1 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
22 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 12 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
30 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $86,000 paid.
Most claims in one year
2024: 10 claims
$49,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 04658 | 7 | $47,000 |
| 04622 | 5 | $12,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flood33
- Coastal Flood17
- Flash Flood15
- Heavy Rain3
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
Most severe crest
January 10, 2024
Machias River at Machias (in MLLW), 19.49 ft
2.49 feet above the 17.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
January 10, 2024
Machias River at Machias (in MLLW), 19.49 ft
Major flooding.
River gauges
| Forest City Stream at Forest City | 436.0 | 434.95 ft | 0 |
| Grand Lake Stream at Grand Lake Stream | 7.0 | 7.75 ft | 0 |
| Gulf of Maine at Cutler Farris Wharf (IN MLLW) | 18.0 | 19.02 ft | 0 |
| Lewy Lake at Princeton | 204.5 | 204.09 ft | 0 |
| Machias River at Machias (in MLLW) | 17.0 | 19.49 ft | 1 |
| Old Stream near Wesley | 8.5 | 8.91 ft | 0 |
| Passamamaquoddy Bay at Eastport (IN MLLW) | 22.5 | 24.34 ft | 0 |
| St. Croix River above Baring | 12.0 | 12.76 ft | 0 |
| St. Croix River above Vanceboro | 10.0 | 11.28 ft | 0 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
High tide flooding
Most in one year, Eastport
44 days
May 2017 to April 2018.
Last ten years
31.1 days a year
At Eastport, 2016–26.
Moderate or major
211 days
Since 1930, 3 of them major.
- High tide flooding days are days on which a NOAA tide gauge recorded water at or above NOAA's minor flood threshold, set from the gauge's tide range, counted by meteorological year (May to April). These are the counts in NOAA's annual high tide flooding reports; they are not National Weather Service flood stages. Years with less than 80 percent of data are left out.
NOAA CO-OPS high tide flooding counts, through April 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 103 of 1,581 months since 1895 (7%); the longest spell lasted 16 months.
103
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
32
Months in extreme drought
7%
Share of all months, severe or worse
27
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
December 2001
−6.33, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
16 months
June 1965 to September 1966.
Latest month
September 2026
−2.48, moderate drought
Last severe month: March 2026.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes and landslides
2 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 5.7 in 1904.
17
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
23
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
2
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
1
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
March 21, 1904
Passamaquoddy Bay area, Maine; inside the county.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
January 14, 2023
Magnitude 3.3
7 km ESE of Dedham, Maine; 26.7 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Dec 11, 1912 | 4.1 | 3.2 |
| Mar 21, 1904 | 5.7 | Inside |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Mapped landslides
12
Landslides mapped, probable or better
2
With a recorded date
1
Source inventory
Mapped by ME GS (12).
- Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.
USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
1,108 events in the National Weather Service record, 1,081 of them since 1996.
26
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
5
Hail, 2 inches or larger
70
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
542
Winter weather events since 1996
46
Heat events since 1996
51
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
July 2, 1958
2.75 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
July 15, 1995
107 mph
More event types since 1996
| Storm surge and tide | 1 | 0 |
| Lightning | 3 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Jan 5, 1998Ice Storm, Coastal Washington$12.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A severe ICE STORM hit sections of central and southern Maine from January 5 through January 9. One of the hardest hit areas stretched from Bridgton to Lewiston to Augusta to Waterville where ice accreted several inches thick on trees, power lines, and other exposed surfaces causing almost everyone in those areas to lose electrical service. Statewide, the storm knocked out power to about 365,000 customers, an estimated 840,000 people or about 70 percent of the state's population of 1.2 million people. About one third of those that lost power were without electricity for more than a week. For some, the electricity was off for up to 3 weeks. During this time, residents and those…
- Jan 5, 1998Ice Storm, Interior Washington$5.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A severe ICE STORM hit sections of central and southern Maine from January 5 through January 9. One of the hardest hit areas stretched from Bridgton to Lewiston to Augusta to Waterville where ice accreted several inches thick on trees, power lines, and other exposed surfaces causing almost everyone in those areas to lose electrical service. Statewide, the storm knocked out power to about 365,000 customers, an estimated 840,000 people or about 70 percent of the state's population of 1.2 million people. About one third of those that lost power were without electricity for more than a week. For some, the electricity was off for up to 3 weeks. During this time, residents and those…
- Dec 14, 2010Flood$954,000
National Weather Service narrative
The combination of 3.00 to 6.00 inches...with local totals to around 8.00 inches...of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow led to extensive flooding of rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed many roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage.|Extensive flood related damage was reported across Washington county. At the peak of the event numerous roads across the entire county were closed due to flooding. A vehicle in both Baring and Machias fell into sinkholes where water had undercut the roads...no injuries were reported in either incident. The Milltown Bridge International Border Crossing at Calais had to be…
- Jun 9, 2021Flash Flood$323,000
National Weather Service narrative
Rainfall totals generally ranged from 2.00 to 4.00 inches...with local totals in excess of 5.00 inches. These heavy rains produced flash flooding. Numerous roads were closed or damaged to varying extents due to washouts. Damage to bridges and culverts also occurred. Some residents were left isolated due to the washouts. Many roads were impacted in the Machias area. Both roads leading into and out of Roque Bluffs were washed out between Roque Bluffs and Jonesboro. Great Cove Road and Old Route 1 were both closed due to washouts in the vicinity of Jonesboro.
- Sep 7, 2008Flash Flood$291,000
National Weather Service narrative
Storm total rainfall of 4.00 to 6.00 inches...with local totals of around 7.00 inches produced flash flooding across the region. A maximum rainfall total of 7.09 inches was reported at Lubec. Flash flooding was reported on Route 1 near Perry...near Addison...along Route 1 between Jonesboro and Whiting...near Cutler and in Machias. Roads were closed and damaged across the region...with additional damage to culverts.
- Sep 7, 2008Flash Flood$291,000
National Weather Service narrative
Storm total rainfall of 4.00 to 6.00 inches...with localized totals of around 7.00 inches produced flash flooding across the region. Water was reported covering Route 1 near Gardner Lake and 2 feet of water was reported flowing across Route 192 at Great Brook.
- Sep 7, 2008Flood$291,000
National Weather Service narrative
Flash flooding transitioned to flooding during the late morning hours. Flood waters then subsided during the early afternoon. Many roads were left damaged...debris covered and impassable once the waters receded.
- Feb 19, 1998Ice Storm, Interior Washington$100,000
National Weather Service narrative
A large low pressure area in the Ohio Valley and a developing low off the New England Coast brought rain and freezing rain to parts of Eastern Maine. The greatest accretions of freezing rain occurred in elevated areas of southeastern Aroostook, central Penobscot, and northern Washington Counties. About 6700 homes in rural areas lost power during the storm; some remained without power for up to 5 days.
- Jul 23, 1999Lightning$40,000
National Weather Service narrative
Lightning strikes caused a combined $40000 in damage to two boats.
- Jan 10, 1997Storm Surge/Tide$38,000
National Weather Service narrative
Low pressure moving northeastward from Georgia intensified off the coast of New England with storm force winds near the center and gale force winds extending to the Maine and New Hampshire coastlines. Astronomical high tides were occurring while the strong winds were hitting the coastline. At 11:26 EST, the Portland tide gauge read 12.6 feet, a foot above normal, and .6 feet above flood stage. Coastal flood damage due to the storm surge was light to moderate, but widespread, effecting the entire Maine and New Hampshire coastlines from the Merrimack River in Massachusetts to Eastport, Maine. Many piers in Maine were submerged. Route 1 at Lincolnville , Woolwich, Arrowsic, and…
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Woodland, 20.5 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1917.
- All-time high
- 102°F2 times, most recently Aug 12, 1944
- All-time low
- −41°FDec 30, 1933
- Warmest night
- 75°F2 times, most recently Jul 23, 2022
- Coldest day
- −6°F3 times, most recently Jan 3, 2014
- Wettest day
- 6.12 inAug 14, 2004
- Snowiest day
- 26.0 inFeb 14, 2017
- Hottest year
- 2016mean 49.1°F
- Coldest year
- 1926mean 39.8°F
- Wettest year
- 200569.48 in
- Driest year
- 200128.82 in
- Snowiest season
- 143.0 in1962-63
Median first snow
November 23
Earliest: October 17, 1939
Median last snow
April 11
Latest: May 12, 1963
0 of 43 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Woodland (USC00179891), 123 ft elevation, 20.5 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1917 to October 26, 2026; 91.3% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
26 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms and Flooding, March 20, 2024.
| Mar 20, 2024 | Severe Storm | DR-4764-ME |
| Jan 30, 2024 | Severe Storm | DR-4754-ME |
| Sep 14, 2023 | Hurricane | EM-3598-ME |
| Apr 4, 2020 | Biological | DR-4522-ME |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3444-ME |
| Mar 25, 2013 | Severe Storm | DR-4108-ME |
| Feb 1, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-1953-ME |
| Jul 30, 2009 | Severe Storm | DR-1852-ME |
| Apr 25, 2007 | Severe Storm | DR-1693-ME |
| Sep 19, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3256-ME |
| Jun 29, 2005 | Severe Storm | DR-1591-ME |
| Mar 14, 2005 | Snowstorm | EM-3206-ME |
| Jan 26, 2004 | Snowstorm | EM-3194-ME |
| Jan 15, 2004 | Snowstorm | EM-3190-ME |
| May 14, 2003 | Freezing | DR-1468-ME |
| May 16, 2001 | Severe Storm | DR-1371-ME |
| Mar 20, 2001 | Snowstorm | EM-3164-ME |
| Apr 28, 2000 | Severe Storm | DR-1326-ME |
| Jan 13, 1998 | Severe Storm | DR-1198-ME |
| Mar 15, 1993 | Snowstorm | EM-3099-ME |
| Sep 20, 1980 | Fishing Losses | EM-3082-ME |
| Feb 17, 1978 | Flood | DR-550-ME |
| May 23, 1973 | Flood | DR-384-ME |
| Sep 28, 1972 | Fishing Losses | DR-356-ME |
| Mar 7, 1972 | Flood | DR-326-ME |
| Feb 27, 1970 | Flood | DR-284-ME |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Washington County stands among 16 counties in Maine and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 6 | 8 / 16 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 0 | — |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 14 | 10 / 16 |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 2 | 4 / 16 |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 3,434 | 1 / 16 |
| Flood insurance claims | 30 | 16 / 16 |
| Flood insurance paid | $86,000 | 16 / 16 |
| Disaster declarations | 26 | 10 / 16 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 68 | 12 / 16 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 332 | 7 / 16 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 542 | 5 / 16 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $19.3 million | 13 / 16 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 1 | 10 / 16 |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 31.1 | 1 / 16 |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 103 | 2 / 16 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 14.1 | 15 / 16 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 2 | 14 / 16 |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 17 | 1 / 16 |
Neighbouring counties
| Aroostook County | 30 | 9 |
| Hancock County | 1 | 10 |
| Penobscot County | 13 | 12 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00179891.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Tide gauges NOAA CO-OPS high tide flooding counts, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.