Stevens County

Population 49,668 (2025) 2,477 sq mi

Large wildfires have burned 120,991 acres of Stevens County since 1984, 14th most of 39 counties in Washington; the largest was the Carpenter Rd. Fire in 2015.

Hazard fingerprint for Stevens County Tornado: 5th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 71th percentile. Flood: 9th percentile. Hail & wind: 6th percentile. Heat: 4th percentile. Cold: 22th percentile. Winter: 98th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 19505
  • Wildfire burn scars since 198417

At a glance

The record for Stevens County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Acres burned since 1984

120,991

14th of 39 in Washington

17 large fires; the largest was Carpenter Rd., 2015

Details

Flood insurance claims

15

30th of 39 in Washington

$61,000 paid since 1995

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

5

8th of 39 in Washington

67% more than the typical Washington county

Details

Strongest tornado

F2

April 5, 1972, 1.0 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

23

Most recent: Wildfires, 2026

Details

Record high

112°F

June 30, 2021

Details

Record low

−29°F

Reached 4 times, most recently January 30, 1950

Details

Snowiest season

83.5in

Winter of 1996-97

Tornadoes

About one every 15 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

April 5, 1972

F2, 1.0 mile path

100 yards wide.

Most recent

Monday, July 21, 1997

F1, 1.0 mile path

29 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 1 1 1980s: 2 2 1990s: 2 2 2000s: 0 2010s: 0 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 1 M: 0 J: 0 J: 3 3 A: 1 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Stevens County since 1950
Jul 21, 1997F11.010000
Jul 21, 1997F11.010000
Jul 25, 1983F10.21000
Aug 14, 1980F10.11000
Apr 5, 1972F21.010000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Stevens County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

120,991 acres burned in 17 large fires since 1984, equal to 7.6% of the land.

Largest

August 15, 2015

Carpenter Rd. Fire, 62,449 acres

62,489 acres inside Stevens County.

Most recent

September 1, 2022

Boulder Mountain Fire

2,342 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 1988: 4,0351991: 5,2971997: 1,2361999: 3,1462003: 3,8222010: 2,2532014: 1,1152015: 65,9202016: 9,7452018: 5,8112021: 17,5112022: 1,100 120,991 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Boulder Mountain20221,1002,342
Ford Corkscrew202116,17516,166
Sherwood20211,3351,333
Horns Mountain20185,8106,887
Cayuse Mtn20169,7449,739
Carpenter Rd.201562,48962,449
Marble Valley20153,4313,428
Lake Spokane20141,1141,113
Slide Creek20101,0961,096
Line20101,1561,157
Black Canyon20032,4032,402
Paddle20031,4181,417
2-Rivers19993,1463,144
Unnamed19971,2361,236
Unnamed19915,2975,291
Unnamed19881,9091,907
Jackson Spring19882,1252,122
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2021: 48 days

Heavy smoke on 27 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

26.5 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

22 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 42 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 2 2012: 13 2013: 9 2014: 15 2015: 27 2016: 0 2017: 25 2018: 36 2019: 11 2020: 20 2021: 48 48 2022: 25 2023: 40 2024: 38 2025: 22 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

15 federal flood insurance claims since 1995, with $61,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year
Claims per year since 1995. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
991096$5,080

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood15
  • Flash Flood8
  • Heavy Rain8

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 150 of 1,581 months since 1895 (9%); the longest spell lasted 34 months.

150

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

67

Months in extreme drought

9%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

January 1930

−7.35, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

34 months

November 1928 to August 1931.

Latest month

September 2026

−2.96, moderate drought

Last severe month: August 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 2 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 1 1918: 11 1919: 1 1920: 3 1921: 0 1922: 2 1923: 4 1924: 8 1925: 6 1926: 7 1927: 0 1928: 2 1929: 12 12 1930: 12 1931: 8 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 4 1935: 0 1936: 4 1937: 1 1938: 4 1939: 10 1940: 2 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 1 1945: 1 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 1 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 2 1953: 0 1954: 0 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 2 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 1 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 1 1977: 7 1978: 0 1979: 1 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 3 2002: 0 2003: 1 2004: 4 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 1 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 5 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 7 2022: 3 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 3 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides

3 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.2 in 2015.

2

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

34

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

3

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

September 1, 2015

Magnitude 4.2

15 km N of Nespelem Community, Washington; 34.4 miles away, 5.7 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

May 16, 2026

Magnitude 3.2

30 km ESE of Nelson, Canada; 37.1 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 1 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 1 1984: 2 1985: 1 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 1 1989: 0 1990: 1 1991: 2 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 3 1999: 2 2000: 2 2001: 7 7 2002: 0 2003: 1 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 5 2016: 1 2017: 1 2018: 0 2019: 1 2020: 1 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Sep 1, 20154.234.45.715 km N of Nespelem Community, Washington
Nov 11, 20014.09.62.43 km NE of Spokane, Washington
Aug 6, 19854.041.23.132 km NNW of Creston, Canada
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Tsunamis

Highest water recorded

Apr 10, 1952

65.0 ft, F.D. Roosevelt Lake, WA

From Columbia River Valley, WA.

On record

4 tsunamis

Since 1944.

Tsunamis recorded here
Nov 17, 2024Columbia River Valley, WA47.0690
Aug 19, 1953Columbia River Valley, WA—10
Apr 10, 1952Columbia River Valley, WA65.010
Apr 9, 1944Columbia River Valley, WA30.010
  1. Places where NOAA's Global Historical Tsunami Database records a tsunami's water arriving, with the greatest height it reached above sea level at the time. Only tsunamis NOAA rates probable or definite are counted. Heights from eyewitness accounts and tide gauges are mixed, and older events are less completely recorded.

NOAA NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

171

Landslides mapped, probable or better

6

With a recorded date

2

Source inventories

Mapped by WA WGS (166), NASA (5).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

680 events in the National Weather Service record, 672 of them since 1996.

22

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

2

Hail, 2 inches or larger

22

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

482

Winter weather events since 1996

1

Heat events since 1996

4

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

July 23, 2014

2.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

July 21, 1997

81 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning200Jul 3, 2022
Dust storms and dust devils200May 18, 2011
Dense fog and smoke300Sep 12, 2020
Debris flows600Jan 28, 2020

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Aug 29, 2025Wildfire, Northeast Mountains$33.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Crown Creek Wildfire started on August 29 by lightning. It was located 1 mile Southeast of Marble, Washington. One home was reported lost. It burned 14192 acres of timber.

  2. Sep 1, 2025Wildfire, Northeast Mountains$33.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Crown Creek Wildfire started on August 29 by lightning. It was located 1 mile Southeast of Marble, Washington. One home was reported lost. It burned 14192 acres of timber. It was contained on September 14. Cost is estimated.

  3. Sep 1, 2025Wildfire, Northeast Mountains$24.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Tacoma Creek Fire started on September 1 by lightning. It was located 15 miles Northwest of Cusick. It was contained September 26. It burned 3961 acres of timber, brush, and grass. Cost is estimated.

  4. Aug 1, 2025Wildfire, Northeast Mountains$11.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Hope Fire started by a suspected human cause on July 8. It was located 15 miles north of Kettle Falls Washington. It burned around 8177 acres of timber, two homes, and a 150 acre ranch. Cost is estimated.

  5. Jul 19, 2025Wildfire, Northeast Mountains$11.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Lake Spokane Fire started on July 19 by suspected human cause. It was located 12 miles northwest of Spokane. It burned 2506 acres of timber. It also destroyed 1 outbuilding. It was contained on July 31. Cost is estimated.

  6. Jul 8, 2025Wildfire, Northeast Mountains$11.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Hope Fire started by a suspected human cause on July 8. It was located 15 miles north of Kettle Falls Washington. It burned around 8177 acres of timber, two homes, and a 150 acre ranch. Cost is estimated.

  7. Jul 25, 2026Wildfire, Northeast Mountains$7.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Bradeen Hill Wildfire started around 1252 PST on July 25. It was started by unknown human cause. It is located 2 miles east of Gifford. It burned 4400 acres of timber and grassland. Three homes were destroyed. It continued through the end of July. Cost is estimated.

  8. Sep 1, 2024Wildfire, Northeast Mountains$3.7 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Upper Ruby Wildfire was started on August 20 by unconfirmed lightning. It is located 16 miles Northwest of Cusick. It was contained September 3. It burned 280 acres of timber. Cost is estimated.

  9. Aug 20, 2024Wildfire, Northeast Mountains$3.7 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Upper Ruby Wildfire was started on August 20 by unconfirmed lightning. It is located 16 miles Northwest of Cusick. It was contained September 3. It burned 280 acres of timber. Cost is estimated.

  10. Sep 1, 2021Wildfire, Northeast Mountains$3.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Ford Corkscrew Wildfire was ignited, near the town of Ford, due to an unknown cause on August 15th. The fire spread to the east, further threatening the towns and communities of Tum Tum, Springdale, Clayton, and Loon Lake, which led to numerous evacuations. Ford Corkscrew Fire destroyed at least 18 residences and eight outhouses or barns. There are no reports of injuries or fatalities. The fire burned a total of 15,777 acres before fully contained on September 17th. The cost of the firefighting resources required to contain the fire was calculated at $8,000,000.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Colville, 20.8 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1899.

All-time high
112°FJun 30, 2021
All-time low
−29°F4 times, most recently Jan 30, 1950
Warmest night
76°FJun 29, 2015
Coldest day
−5°FJan 20, 1935
Wettest day
2.02 in2 times, most recently Dec 28, 2022
Snowiest day
14.0 inNov 27, 1996
Hottest year
2015mean 52.6°F
Coldest year
1916mean 43.9°F
Wettest year
201229.16 in
Driest year
19298.22 in
Snowiest season
83.5 in1996-97
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Colville 32°F 34° 23° 1.9 Jan 41° 24° 1.3 Feb 52° 29° 1.7 Mar 62° 35° 1.2 Apr 72° 43° 1.8 May 79° 49° 1.9 Jun 89° 52° 0.7 Jul 89° 51° 0.6 Aug 78° 44° 0.7 Sep 60° 34° 1.4 Oct 44° 29° 2.1 Nov 34° 24° 2.6 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1994: 28 1996: 18 1997: 8 1998: 30 1999: 10 2000: 12 2001: 22 2002: 25 2007: 26 2008: 15 2009: 22 2010: 12 2011: 12 2012: 17 2013: 23 2014: 24 2015: 29 2016: 16 2017: 18 2019: 5 2020: 12 2021: 36 36 2023: 16 2024: 25 199420092020
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 18.8.
Snowfall by winter 1994: 40.9 in 1995: 35.4 in 1996: 83.5 in 83.5 1997: 32.0 in 1998: 30.0 in 1999: 37.0 in 2000: 46.0 in 2001: 45.0 in 2002: 30.0 in 2004: 29.2 in 2007: 70.2 in 2008: 66.8 in 2009: 13.1 in 2012: 44.5 in 2014: 30.3 in 2025: 12.0 in 19942007
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 17

Earliest: October 10, 1913

Median last snow

March 14

Latest: April 30, 1915

0 of 68 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Colville (USC00451630), 1,554 ft elevation, 20.8 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1899 to October 8, 2026; 87.6% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

23 since 1953. The most recent: Wildfires, August 3, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Aug 3, 2026FireWildfiresEmergencyEM-3650-WA
Aug 2, 2026FireAutumn Lane FireFire managementFM-5659-WA
Aug 16, 2021FireFord Corkscrew FireFire managementFM-5411-WA
Mar 22, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4481-WA
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3427-WA
Jan 15, 2016Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4249-WA
Oct 20, 2015FireWildfires and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4243-WA
Aug 21, 2015FireRenner FireFire managementFM-5108-WA
Aug 21, 2015FireWildfiresEmergencyEM-3372-WA
Aug 15, 2015FireStevens County Fire ComplexFire managementFM-5103-WA
Jul 10, 2014FireLake Spokane FireFire managementFM-5058-WA
Aug 27, 2010FireSlide Creek WildfireFire managementFM-2854-WA
Mar 2, 2009Severe StormSevere Winter Storm and Record and Near Record SnowMajor disasterDR-1825-WA
Aug 8, 2006FireValley Mill FireFire managementFM-2663-WA
Sep 7, 2005Coastal StormHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3227-WA
Oct 5, 1998Severe StormWa Storms & Flooding 5/26/98Major disasterDR-1252-WA
Apr 2, 1997FloodHeavy Rains, Snow Melt, Flooding, Land & Mud SlidesMajor disasterDR-1172-WA
Jan 17, 1997Severe StormSevere Winter Storms, Land & Muds Slides,FloodingMajor disasterDR-1159-WA
Nov 13, 1991FireFiresMajor disasterDR-922-WA
Apr 14, 1989FloodHeavy Rains, Flooding & MudslidesMajor disasterDR-822-WA
May 21, 1980Volcanic EruptionVolcanic Eruption, Mt. St. HelensMajor disasterDR-623-WA
Mar 31, 1977DroughtDroughtEmergencyEM-3037-WA
Jan 25, 1974FloodSevere Storms, Snowmelt & FloodingMajor disasterDR-414-WA

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Stevens County stands among 39 counties in Washington and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 195058 / 392,612 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 1984120,99114 / 39295 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims1530 / 392,187 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$61,00032 / 392,461 / 3,143
Disaster declarations2322 / 391,054 / 3,143
Flood events since 1996318 / 392,063 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 19961059 / 392,740 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19964822 / 3957 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$148 million11 / 39372 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189515016 / 39937 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years26.56 / 39474 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900336 / 39949 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973235 / 39665 / 3,143

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Ferry County10463,6684
Lincoln County120255,46712
Pend Oreille County1039,44199
Spokane County16054,11462

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00451630.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Tsunamis NOAA NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.