Nashua
Population 92,435 (2025)
22 tropical storms and hurricanes have passed within 50 miles of Nashua since 1851; the strongest at closest approach was Carol in 1954 (Category 2).
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 195046
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger36
- Wildfire burn scars within 25 miles since 19841
- Major flood years since 1978, Hillsborough County4
At a glance
Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Hillsborough County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Hillsborough County.
Strongest tornado
F3
October 3, 1970, 35.4 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
Cat. 2
Hurricane Carol, 1954, 18.1 miles away
Tornadoes
About one every 1.7 years since 1950, 3 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
October 3, 1970
F3, 35.4 mile path
60 yards wide; 1 killed along the whole path.
Most recent
Saturday, September 6, 2025
EF0, 2.4 mile path
Within the past year.
Every recorded tornado
| Sep 6, 2025 | EF0 | 2.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 23, 2021 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 23, 2021 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 19, 2021 | EF0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 22, 2016 | EF1 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 3, 1997 | F2 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 7, 1986 | F1 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 5, 1984 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 18, 1983 | F0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 22, 1981 | F3 | 7.1 | 3 | 0 |
| Jun 19, 1978 | F0 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 29, 1974 | F3 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Jul 21, 1972 | F2 | 7.6 | 4 | 0 |
| Jul 19, 1972 | F1 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 1, 1971 | F1 | 25.2 | 1 | 0 |
| Oct 3, 1970 | F3 | 35.4 | 0 | 1 |
| Jul 16, 1970 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 11, 1970 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 20, 1968 | F1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 19, 1968 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 17, 1968 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 26, 1966 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 19, 1966 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 28, 1965 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 28, 1965 | F2 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 19, 1964 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 18, 1963 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 9, 1963 | F2 | 10.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 20, 1963 | F2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 20, 1963 | F1 | 8.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 9, 1963 | F1 | 10.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 21, 1961 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1961 | F2 | 5.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Jul 13, 1960 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 11, 1958 | F2 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 5, 1957 | F2 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 19, 1957 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 19, 1957 | F1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 18, 1956 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 27, 1956 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 13, 1956 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 1, 1956 | F1 | 0.1 | 14 | 0 |
| Oct 24, 1955 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 31, 1954 | F1 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 21, 1951 | F2 | 9.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 21, 1951 | F2 | 4.9 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
22 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 3 at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
August 31, 1954
Carol, Category 2
18.1 miles at closest approach, winds near 100 mph.
Most recent
July 9, 2021
Elsa, Post-tropical
55.8 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Elsa | 2021 | 55.8 | Post-tropical |
| Andrea | 2013 | 60.1 | Post-tropical |
| Irene | 2011 | 68.2 | Tropical storm |
| Hanna | 2008 | 42.2 | Post-tropical |
| Barry | 2007 | 42.6 | Post-tropical |
| Floyd | 1999 | 7.9 | Tropical storm |
| Bertha | 1996 | 22.1 | Tropical storm |
| Bob | 1991 | 51.4 | Category 1 |
| Gloria | 1985 | 30.8 | Category 1 |
| David | 1979 | 91.5 | Post-tropical |
| Belle | 1976 | 47.3 | Tropical storm |
| Doria | 1971 | 49.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1968 | 58.8 | Tropical storm |
| Alma | 1966 | 72.4 | Post-tropical |
| Esther | 1961 | 73.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1961 | 23.9 | Tropical storm |
| Donna | 1960 | 15.1 | Tropical storm |
| Brenda | 1960 | 17.3 | Tropical storm |
| Cindy | 1959 | 78.4 | Tropical storm |
| Edna | 1954 | 93.3 | Category 2 |
| Carol | 1954 | 18.1 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1949 | 88.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1944 | 53.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1938 | 78.4 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 16.9 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 95.3 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1924 | 78.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1923 | 19.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 47.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 13.5 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1908 | 23.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1907 | 72.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1904 | 79.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1902 | 35.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1899 | 59.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1897 | 21.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1896 | 47.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1894 | 15.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 45.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 74.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1889 | 94.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 44.5 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 46.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1879 | 92.7 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1878 | 11.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1877 | 95.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1874 | 6.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1872 | 64.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1869 | 66.1 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1869 | 20.1 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1861 | 25.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1861 | 21.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1858 | 8.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1851 | 52.1 | Tropical storm |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
1 large fire burned within 25 miles since 1984.
Largest
April 16, 2005
The Range Fire, 761 acres
18.6 miles from the city centre.
Most recent
April 16, 2005
The Range Fire
761 acres in total.
Every large fire
| The Range | 2005 | 18.6 | 761 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 52 days
Heavy smoke on 8 days in 2023, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
14.2 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
17 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 16 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
629 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $10.4 million paid.
Flood insurance figures are for Hillsborough County, the county that contains Nashua.
Most claims in one year
2006: 165 claims
$5.0 million paid.
2nd most
2007: 150 claims
$3.5 million paid.
3rd most
1987: 59 claims
$242,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 03045 | 157 | $3.5 million |
| 03054 | 61 | $1.4 million |
| 03031 | 53 | $791,000 |
| 03458 | 49 | $638,000 |
| 03244 | 33 | $346,000 |
| 03076 | 29 | $498,000 |
| 03060 | 28 | $214,000 |
| 03062 | 27 | $202,000 |
| 03110 | 26 | $390,000 |
| 03102 | 24 | $94,000 |
| 03104 | 14 | $37,000 |
| 03103 | 12 | $126,000 |
| 03051 | 12 | $120,000 |
| 03055 | 10 | $130,000 |
| 03064 | 10 | $96,000 |
| 03109 | 9 | $37,000 |
| 03070 | 8 | $96,000 |
| 03101 | 8 | $1.0 million |
| 03086 | 8 | $319,000 |
| 03281 | 8 | $110,000 |
| 03442 | 8 | $156,000 |
| 03033 | 6 | $56,000 |
| 6 | $8,793 | |
| 03052 | 5 | $13,000 |
| 03049 | 5 | $6,302 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood51
- Flood45
- Heavy Rain5
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
River gauges in Hillsborough County, the county that contains Nashua.
Most severe crest
March 20, 1936
Merrimack River at Goffs Falls, 35.19 ft
24.19 feet above the 11.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
December 19, 2023
Piscataquog River at Goffstown, 10.15 ft
Moderate flooding.
River gauges
| Contoocook River at Peterborough | 5.5 | 15.00 ft | 1 |
| Merrimack River at Goffs Falls | 11.0 | 35.19 ft | 4 |
| Merrimack River at Nashua | 18.0 | 41.30 ft | 1 |
| Piscataquog River at Goffstown | 9.0 | 17.52 ft | 4 |
| Souhegan River at Merrimack | 9.0 | 16.20 ft | 1 |
| Souhegan River at Milford | 9.0 | 12.49 ft | 1 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 104 of 1,581 months since 1895 (7%); the longest spell lasted 29 months.
The drought index is for Hillsborough County, the county that contains Nashua.
104
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
32
Months in extreme drought
7%
Share of all months, severe or worse
22
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
December 1965
−4.85, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
29 months
June 1964 to October 1966.
Latest month
September 2026
−1.69, mild drought
Last severe month: May 2026.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes and landslides
33 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 1903; none reached magnitude 4.
10
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
0
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
October 25, 1986
Magnitude 3.9
3 km S of Northfield, New Hampshire; 45.2 miles away, 3.1 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
September 25, 2010
Magnitude 3.1
2 km SW of Canterbury, New Hampshire; 40.0 miles away.
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the city centre.
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Mapped landslides
Landslides mapped in Hillsborough County.
1
Landslides mapped, probable or better
1
With a recorded date
1
Source inventory
Mapped by NASA (1).
- Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.
USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
888 events in the National Weather Service record for Hillsborough County, 824 of them since 1996.
71
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
2
Hail, 2 inches or larger
264
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
243
Winter weather events since 1996
5
Heat events since 1996
5
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
July 11, 1980
2.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
September 6, 2014
110 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 24 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Dec 11, 2008Ice Storm, Eastern Hillsborough$15.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Half an inch of ice accumulated on exposed surfaces across eastern Hillsborough County. Numerous wires down in Merrimack and Manchester. Trees, wires, and utility poles downed in Pelham.
- Dec 11, 2008Ice Storm, Western And Central Hillsborough$12.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Numerous trees and wires were downed in Mason, Greenville, New Ispwich, Temple, Peterborough, and Milford.
- Mar 5, 2001Heavy Snow, Hillsborough$5.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A major winter storm impacted southwest New Hampshire with near blizzard conditions. The slow-moving storm, which tracked south of New England, dumped over two feet of snow across Cheshire and Hillsborough Counties and knocked out power to tens of thousands of customers. Businesses and schools were shut down for several days in some communities. After the storm, the weight of the heavy wet snow caused several roof collapses of homes and businesses.As much as 30 inches of snow fell in Jaffrey. Other snowfall totals reported include 29 inches in Swanzey, 27 inches in Westmoreland, 25 inches in Keene and Francestown, 24 inches in Pelham, Hudson and Nashua, 22 inches in Rindge, and 21…
- Feb 25, 2010High Wind, Eastern Hillsborough$2.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
The Automated Surface Observing System at Manchester Airport (KMHT) recorded sustained wind speeds of 43 mph and gusts to 63 mph. The wind downed numerous trees and wires across Bedford. In addition, a scout camp near Manchester (Camp Carpenter) reported around 200 downed trees on its property. They also sustained damage to many of their buildings.
- May 13, 2006Flood$2.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Heavy rainfall, most of it falling over a 100 hour period, caused widespread flooding across much of southern New Hampshire, where small streams and main stem rivers rose out of their banks. Major flooding of a number of small streams and main stem rivers occurred in Hillsborough County. The Governor of New Hampshire declared a State of Emergency for a time during this event, and the President declared major disaster status for those affected. At some locations, this was the worst flooding recorded since the 1938 Hurricane and the great rain/snowmelt floods in March 1936.The focus of heavy rain shifted to southern New Hampshire late Friday night through Monday morning with…
- Feb 25, 2010High Wind, Western And Central Hillsborough$1.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
Numerous trees and wires were downed throughout Wilton, Milford, Goffstown, and Amherst.
- Apr 16, 2007Flood$1.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
Flooding closed part of Route 202 in Peterborough, Route 122 and South Merrimack Road in Hollis, and widespread urban flooding in Nashua and Manchester. A mudslide closed a portion of Route 101 in Wilton. Minor to moderate flooding was observed on the larger mainstem rivers. The Merrimack River at Nashua crested at 23.5 feet at 8 am on the 17th (flood stage is 18 feet), while at Goffs Falls the Merrimack crested at 16.8 feet at 1 pm on the 17th (flood stage is 11 feet). The Contoocook River at Peterborough crested at 7.2 feet at 1 pm on the 16th (flood stage is 5.5 feet. The Souhegan River at Merrimack crested at 12.7 feet at 545 am on the 17th (flood stage is 9 feet).
- Jul 16, 2024Thunderstorm Wind$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The NWS Storm survey team confirmed straight line wind damage in Milford, NH due to a microburst. The team observed 7 damaged homes....two destroyed vehicles and approximately 150 downed trees. No known injuries or fatalities occurred with this |storm.
- Jul 18, 2021Flash Flood$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Approximately $1 Million in road damages reported town wide in Peterborogh. Old Town Farm Rd and Old Jaffrey Rd received significant damage. Old Town Farm Road is a dead end and had 18 homes isolated by the road washouts.
- Dec 7, 1996Heavy Snow, Hillsborough$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A low pressure system centered over Georgia at 7 AM on December 7th moved rapidly northeast across North Carolina. The intensifying system then moved about parallel to the Mid-Atlantic coast with its center reaching Plymouth County in southeastern Massachusetts during the early morning hours of December 8th, before passing along the New Hampshire coast by late morning. This storm dropped from 7 to 15 inches of heavy, wet snow on the region, resulting in widespread damage to trees and power lines. At the height of the storm on Saturday evening, December 7th, the Public Service Company of New Hampshire reported 94,000 electric customers were without power statewide and 16…
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Manchester Airport, 12.8 miles from the city centre, with records from 1948.
- All-time high
- 103°FJul 22, 2011
- All-time low
- −20°FFeb 13, 1967
- Warmest night
- 80°FJul 20, 2019
- Coldest day
- 1°FJan 14, 2004
- Wettest day
- 4.99 inSep 11, 1954
- Snowiest day
- 16.6 inMar 13, 2018
- Hottest year
- 2024mean 52.7°F
- Coldest year
- 1954mean 47.6°F
- Wettest year
- 195456.54 in
- Driest year
- 201527.45 in
Station Manchester Airport (USW00014710), 229 ft elevation, 12.8 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1948 to October 27, 2026; 95.8% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
31 since 1953. The most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, April 3, 2020.
Declarations for Hillsborough County.
| Apr 3, 2020 | Biological | DR-4516-NH |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3445-NH |
| Mar 25, 2015 | Severe Storm | DR-4209-NH |
| Mar 19, 2013 | Severe Storm | DR-4105-NH |
| Oct 30, 2012 | Hurricane | EM-3360-NH |
| Dec 5, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-4049-NH |
| Nov 1, 2011 | Severe Storm | EM-3344-NH |
| Aug 27, 2011 | Hurricane | EM-3333-NH |
| May 12, 2010 | Severe Storm | DR-1913-NH |
| Mar 29, 2010 | Severe Storm | DR-1892-NH |
| Jan 2, 2009 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1812-NH |
| Dec 13, 2008 | Severe Storm | EM-3297-NH |
| Oct 3, 2008 | Severe Storm | DR-1799-NH |
| Apr 27, 2007 | Severe Storm | DR-1695-NH |
| May 25, 2006 | Severe Storm | DR-1643-NH |
| Oct 26, 2005 | Severe Storm | DR-1610-NH |
| Sep 19, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3258-NH |
| Apr 28, 2005 | Snowstorm | EM-3211-NH |
| Mar 30, 2005 | Snowstorm | EM-3207-NH |
| Jan 15, 2004 | Snowstorm | EM-3193-NH |
| Mar 11, 2003 | Snowstorm | EM-3177-NH |
| Mar 28, 2001 | Snowstorm | EM-3166-NH |
| Jul 2, 1998 | Severe Storm | DR-1231-NH |
| Jan 15, 1998 | Severe Storm | DR-1199-NH |
| Oct 29, 1996 | Flood | DR-1144-NH |
| Mar 16, 1993 | Snowstorm | EM-3101-NH |
| Sep 9, 1991 | Hurricane | DR-917-NH |
| Aug 29, 1990 | Flood | DR-876-NH |
| Apr 16, 1987 | Flood | DR-789-NH |
| Aug 27, 1986 | Flood | DR-771-NH |
| Jul 11, 1973 | Flood | DR-399-NH |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00014710.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.