Airmont
Population 10,634 (2025)
18 tropical storms and hurricanes have passed within 50 miles of Airmont since 1851; the strongest at closest approach was an unnamed storm in 1893 (Category 1).
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 195033
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger37
- Wildfire burn scars within 25 miles since 19845
- Major flood years since 1978, Rockland County7
At a glance
Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Rockland County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Rockland County.
Strongest tornado
F2
July 12, 2006, 10.1 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
Cat. 1
Hurricane (unnamed), 1893, 18.2 miles away
Tornadoes
About one every 2.3 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
July 12, 2006
F2, 10.1 mile path
300 yards wide.
Deadliest
November 16, 1989
9 killed, F1
18 injured along the whole path.
Most recent
Thursday, July 29, 2021
EF0, 0.3 mile path
5 years ago.
Every recorded tornado
| Jul 29, 2021 | EF0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 2, 2018 | EF1 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 2, 2018 | EF1 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 7, 2013 | EF1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 1, 2013 | EF0 | 3.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 29, 2011 | EF1 | 4.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 25, 2010 | EF1 | 0.9 | 7 | 0 |
| Jul 12, 2006 | F2 | 10.1 | 6 | 0 |
| Jun 2, 2000 | F1 | 0.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Sep 11, 1997 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 10, 1993 | F0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 3, 1992 | F0 | 12.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 12, 1991 | F0 | 0.7 | 0 | 1 |
| Oct 18, 1990 | F0 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Aug 13, 1990 | F0 | 25.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 16, 1989 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 16, 1989 | F1 | 9.1 | 18 | 9 |
| Nov 16, 1989 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 16, 1989 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 10, 1989 | F0 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 10, 1989 | F0 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 10, 1989 | F1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 26, 1977 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 13, 1975 | F1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 1, 1974 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 29, 1973 | F1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 11, 1971 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 29, 1971 | F2 | 6.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 19, 1971 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 19, 1971 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 15, 1970 | F2 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 7, 1962 | F2 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 6, 1956 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
18 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 1 at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
August 24, 1893
Unnamed storm, Category 1
18.2 miles at closest approach, winds near 83 mph.
Most recent
September 2, 2021
Ida, Post-tropical
56.3 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Ida | 2021 | 56.3 | Post-tropical |
| Elsa | 2021 | 76.0 | Tropical storm |
| Isaias | 2020 | 41.1 | Tropical storm |
| Andrea | 2013 | 76.4 | Post-tropical |
| Irene | 2011 | 16.7 | Tropical storm |
| Hanna | 2008 | 42.5 | Tropical storm |
| Floyd | 1999 | 46.5 | Tropical storm |
| Bertha | 1996 | 30.4 | Tropical storm |
| Gloria | 1985 | 54.1 | Category 1 |
| Henri | 1985 | 79.3 | Tropical storm |
| David | 1979 | 97.7 | Tropical storm |
| Belle | 1976 | 47.3 | Tropical storm |
| Agnes | 1972 | 17.0 | Post-tropical |
| Doria | 1971 | 21.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1968 | 49.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1961 | 54.4 | Tropical storm |
| Donna | 1960 | 68.4 | Category 2 |
| Brenda | 1960 | 37.7 | Tropical storm |
| Diane | 1955 | 37.1 | Tropical storm |
| Carol | 1954 | 99.9 | Category 3 |
| Able | 1952 | 15.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1949 | 76.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1944 | 87.7 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1938 | 63.8 | Category 3 |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 57.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 48.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1929 | 76.9 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1924 | 15.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 72.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1915 | 5.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1908 | 96.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1904 | 79.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1903 | 66.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1902 | 75.2 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1899 | 35.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1897 | 73.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1894 | 68.4 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 28.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 18.2 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 54.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 10.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1882 | 67.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1878 | 66.2 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1877 | 71.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1874 | 29.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1872 | 37.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1866 | 14.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1863 | 19.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1861 | 86.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1861 | 35.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1858 | 99.6 | Category 1 |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
5 large fires burned within 25 miles since 1984.
Largest
April 20, 1985
Unnamed Fire, 22,985 acres
3.9 miles from the city centre.
Most recent
November 8, 2024
Jennings Creek Fire
5,056 acres in total.
Every large fire
| Jennings Creek | 2024 | 9.8 | 5,056 |
| Kanouse | 2023 | 15.7 | 919 |
| Sherwood | 2016 | 4.9 | 642 |
| Unnamed | 1988 | 9.5 | 833 |
| Unnamed | 1985 | 3.9 | 22,985 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 55 days
Heavy smoke on 12 days in 2023, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
14.6 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
19 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 21 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
3,480 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $45.4 million paid.
Flood insurance figures are for Rockland County, the county that contains Airmont.
Most claims in one year
2011: 502 claims
$15.7 million paid.
2nd most
1979: 500 claims
$881,000 paid.
3rd most
1980: 358 claims
$587,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 10901 | 551 | $6.9 million |
| 10956 | 522 | $3.4 million |
| 10977 | 483 | $2.1 million |
| 10994 | 358 | $4.9 million |
| 10952 | 249 | $935,000 |
| 10954 | 159 | $932,000 |
| 10960 | 155 | $4.5 million |
| 10968 | 140 | $5.1 million |
| 10989 | 110 | $907,000 |
| 10965 | 108 | $1.1 million |
| 10983 | 98 | $2.6 million |
| 10980 | 95 | $3.2 million |
| 10962 | 80 | $329,000 |
| 10974 | 58 | $595,000 |
| 10923 | 53 | $4.0 million |
| 10970 | 39 | $426,000 |
| 10920 | 38 | $80,000 |
| 10913 | 32 | $208,000 |
| 10976 | 31 | $1.1 million |
| 29 | $42,000 | |
| 10964 | 28 | $532,000 |
| 10931 | 14 | $1.2 million |
| 10984 | 12 | $29,000 |
| 10993 | 10 | $266,000 |
| 10982 | 8 | $22,000 |
| 10927 | 6 | $4,416 |
| 10986 | 5 | $100,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood81
- Flood42
- Heavy Rain15
- Coastal Flood5
1 death recorded in flood events since 1996.
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
River gauges in Rockland County, the county that contains Airmont.
Most severe crest
September 16, 1999
Mahwah River at Suffern, 9.70 ft
4.70 feet above the 5.0 ft flood stage; moderate flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
September 16, 1999
Mahwah River at Suffern, 9.70 ft
Moderate flooding.
| Sep 16, 1999 | Mahwah River at Suffern | 9.70 | +4.70 |
| Apr 5, 1984 | Ramapo River at Suffern | 15.38 | +0.18 |
| Sep 16, 1999 | Ramapo River at Suffern | 15.23 | +0.03 |
| Mar 11, 2011 | Ramapo River at Suffern | 12.00 | −3.20 |
River gauges
| Hackensack River at West Nyack | 6.0 | — | 0 |
| Hudson River at Piermont (IN MLLW) | 5.9 | — | 0 |
| Mahwah River at Suffern | 5.0 | 9.70 ft | 0 |
| Ramapo River at Ramapo | 10.0 | — | 0 |
| Ramapo River at Suffern | 15.2 | 15.38 ft | 0 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 72 of 1,581 months since 1895 (5%); the longest spell lasted 25 months.
The drought index is for Rockland County, the county that contains Airmont.
72
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
19
Months in extreme drought
5%
Share of all months, severe or worse
10
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
August 1966
−5.49, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
25 months
August 1964 to August 1966.
Latest month
September 2026
−0.64, incipient dry spell
Last severe month: June 2026.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes and landslides
1 earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.8 in 2024.
9
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
1
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
April 5, 2024
Magnitude 4.8
2024 Tewksbury, New Jersey Earthquake; 44.4 miles away, 1.6 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
August 2, 2025
Magnitude 3.0
0 km W of Little Ferry, New Jersey; 17.2 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Apr 5, 2024 | 4.8 | 44.4 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the city centre.
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Mapped landslides
Landslides mapped in Rockland County.
4
Landslides mapped, probable or better
0
With a recorded date
1
Source inventory
Mapped by USGS Conterminous (4).
- Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.
USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
476 events in the National Weather Service record for Rockland County, 450 of them since 1996.
25
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
1
Hail, 2 inches or larger
113
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
92
Winter weather events since 1996
7
Heat events since 1996
4
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
July 21, 2010
2.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
July 19, 2010
81 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 12 | 0 |
| Dense fog and smoke | 1 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Sep 16, 1999Flash Flood$4.4 million
National Weather Service narrative
Torrential record rainfall, which caused serious widespread urban, small stream, and river flooding, preceded the remnants of Hurricane Floyd, which passed over Western Suffolk County of Long Island from 7 pm to 9 pm on September 16th.Death: In Rockland County, a 53-year old man died around midnight on the 17th when he was swept into the Pearl River while walking in Orangetown.Property Damage: Orange, Putnam, Rockland, and Westchester Counties were declared disaster areas. For these 4 counties, the initial cost estimates were $14.6 million dollars. These figures represents "eligible" costs for disaster payments, and were provided by the New York State Emergency Management Office.…
- Sep 1, 2021Flash Flood$3.1 million
National Weather Service narrative
Flash flooding resulted in an estimated $3,126,485 in damages across Rockland County. This estimate is based on FEMA grant money awarded under the Individuals and Household Program (IHP), which includes funds for both housing assistance and other needs.
- Apr 13, 2020High Wind, Rockland$200,000
National Weather Service narrative
A trained spotter reported a portion of a tree has fallen and leaned over on to other trees near Route 45 and New Hempstead Road. This occurred around 930 am in the town of New Hempstead. Law enforcement reported a tree blocking Viola Road between Quince Lane and Galbraith. Trees and wires were down on to Sky Meadow Road. Highview Road between Spook Rock Road and College Road were closed due to downed wires. Greenridge Way was also closed due to a downed tree. This was all reported around 1113 am in the town of Ramapo. In Spring Valley, local law enforcement reported a tree down on NY 45 southbound between Division Street and Old Nyack Turnpike around 1144 am.
- Jan 25, 2010High Wind, Rockland$100,000
National Weather Service narrative
Strong winds knocked down numerous trees and power lines. In Nyack, a tree knocked down a utility pole in the area of Flitt Street. A tractor trailer was overturned on the Tappan Zee Bridge due to the high winds around noon. Winds of 62 mph were reported at Westchester County Airport (KHPN) at 1:17 pm.
- Mar 2, 2018High Wind, Rockland$50,000
National Weather Service narrative
At 651 am, a trained spotter reported a tree down at 9W and Treack Road in Nyack. In Tappan at 1117 am, the Department of Highways reported a tree down on the Palisades Parkway, southbound south of NY 303. The broadcast media reported a downed tree blocking Route 9 West at Main Street and Hastings Lane in Stony Point at 1220 pm. Later in the day, at 535 pm, broadcast media reported a tree down on a house and car on School street in Upper Nyack. Power was knocked out in the neighborhood.
- Feb 25, 2019High Wind, Rockland$50,000
National Weather Service narrative
Around 420 pm, a large tree was reported down in Valley Cottage. The tree knocked wires down, and they were on fire on Carlann Lane.
- Feb 16, 2016Strong Wind, Rockland$50,000
National Weather Service narrative
A trained spotter reported power lines down due to the strong winds in West Nyack at 215 pm.
- Oct 2, 2018Tornado$25,000
National Weather Service narrative
A National Weather Service (NWS) Storm Survey Team, in conjunction with the Rockland County Office of Fire and Emergency Services, conducted a storm survey of the damage around Stony Point New York. Based on the results of this survey and NWS Doppler Radar the following has been determined. The tornado originated in Harriman State Park west of the Palisades Interstate Parkway and Gate Hill Road, and ended near Wilderness Drive in Stony Point. Numerous trees were uprooted and down. The most severe damage is consistent with maximum wind speeds of around 100 MPH, |which indicates this was an EF-1 tornado. The tornado had a maximum path width of around 100 yards and was on the ground…
- Aug 10, 2009Thunderstorm Wind$25,000
National Weather Service narrative
Numerous trees were reported down in Stony Point, including some into houses. In addition, numerous wires were reported down as well.
- Sep 27, 2003Heavy Rain$25,000
National Weather Service narrative
Periods of heavy rain resulted in the Pascack Brook overflowing its' banks around midnight and basement flooding in Stony Point around 1 am EDT on the 28th. At least 3 feet of water collected in a basement, which resulted in $25 thousand dollars in property damage.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Teterboro Airport, 16.7 miles from the city centre, with records from 1969.
- All-time high
- 104°FJul 22, 2011
- All-time low
- −7°FJan 22, 1984
- Warmest night
- 85°FJul 15, 1995
- Coldest day
- 6°FJan 21, 1985
- Wettest day
- 8.18 inSep 16, 1999
- Snowiest day
- 16.0 in2 times, most recently Feb 12, 1983
- Hottest year
- 2012mean 57.2°F
- Coldest year
- 1992mean 51.9°F
- Wettest year
- 201169.65 in
- Driest year
- 200133.66 in
Station Teterboro Airport (USW00094741), 3 ft elevation, 16.7 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1969 to October 27, 2026; 99.3% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
30 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms and Flooding, July 22, 2023.
Declarations for Rockland County.
| Jul 22, 2023 | Severe Storm | DR-4723-NY |
| Sep 5, 2021 | Hurricane | DR-4615-NY |
| Sep 2, 2021 | Hurricane | EM-3572-NY |
| Aug 22, 2021 | Hurricane | EM-3565-NY |
| Oct 2, 2020 | Hurricane | DR-4567-NY |
| Mar 20, 2020 | Biological | DR-4480-NY |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3434-NY |
| Oct 30, 2012 | Hurricane | DR-4085-NY |
| Oct 28, 2012 | Hurricane | EM-3351-NY |
| Aug 31, 2011 | Hurricane | DR-4020-NY |
| Aug 26, 2011 | Hurricane | EM-3328-NY |
| Feb 18, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-1957-NY |
| Apr 16, 2010 | Severe Storm | DR-1899-NY |
| Apr 24, 2007 | Severe Storm | DR-1692-NY |
| Sep 30, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3262-NY |
| Aug 3, 2004 | Severe Storm | DR-1534-NY |
| Aug 23, 2003 | Other | EM-3186-NY |
| Mar 27, 2003 | Snowstorm | EM-3184-NY |
| Sep 11, 2001 | Fire | DR-1391-NY |
| Oct 11, 2000 | Other | EM-3155-NY |
| Sep 19, 1999 | Hurricane | DR-1296-NY |
| Sep 18, 1999 | Hurricane | EM-3149-NY |
| Jan 12, 1996 | Snowstorm | DR-1083-NY |
| Mar 17, 1993 | Snowstorm | EM-3107-NY |
| Dec 21, 1992 | Flood | DR-974-NY |
| Apr 17, 1984 | Flood | DR-702-NY |
| Oct 2, 1975 | Flood | DR-487-NY |
| Jun 23, 1972 | Flood | DR-338-NY |
| Sep 13, 1971 | Flood | DR-311-NY |
| Aug 18, 1965 | Drought | DR-204-NY |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00094741.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.