Concordia Parish
Population 17,836 (2025) 696 sq mi
27 tropical storms and hurricanes have passed within 50 miles of Concordia Parish since 1851, 4 of them at hurricane strength; the strongest was an unnamed storm in 1909 (Category 1).
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 195038
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger49
- Major flood years since 19787
At a glance
The record for Concordia Parish in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi
27
37th of 64 in Louisiana
4 at hurricane strength since 1851
DetailsTornadoes since 1950
38
34th of 64 in Louisiana
About as many as the typical Louisiana county
DetailsStrongest tornado
F3
December 29, 1969, 29.1 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
Cat. 1
Hurricane (unnamed), 1909, 0.0 miles away
Tornadoes
About one every 2 years since 1950, 4 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
December 29, 1969
F3, 29.1 mile path
183 yards wide.
Most recent
Saturday, December 28, 2024
EF1, 0.4 mile path
2 years ago.
Every recorded tornado
| Dec 28, 2024 | EF1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 20, 2023 | EF1 | 6.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 27, 2021 | EF0 | 10.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 2020 | EF1 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 1, 2018 | EF1 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 1, 2018 | EF1 | 10.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Feb 21, 2013 | EF1 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 3, 2008 | EF1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 24, 2007 | EF2 | 10.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 24, 2007 | EF2 | 7.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 10, 2006 | F0 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 10, 2006 | F2 | 8.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 13, 2006 | F1 | 2.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Sep 24, 2005 | F3 | 14.0 | 3 | 0 |
| Sep 24, 2005 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 24, 2005 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 26, 2005 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 18, 2003 | F0 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 22, 1999 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 1995 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 7, 1995 | F1 | 1.0 | 5 | 0 |
| Apr 30, 1994 | F1 | 0.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Dec 15, 1992 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 21, 1992 | F3 | 3.0 | 6 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 1992 | F1 | 10.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 29, 1991 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 9, 1990 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 16, 1987 | F1 | 2.5 | 1 | 0 |
| Dec 5, 1983 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 12, 1982 | F3 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 3, 1981 | F2 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 30, 1979 | F1 | 9.8 | 1 | 0 |
| Jan 25, 1976 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 28, 1974 | F2 | 8.4 | 16 | 0 |
| Nov 20, 1973 | F0 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 29, 1969 | F3 | 29.1 | 2 | 0 |
| Apr 28, 1954 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 1, 1950 | F1 | 1.0 | 2 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Concordia Parish: 0.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
27 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 4 at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
September 21, 1909
Unnamed storm, Category 1
0.0 miles at closest approach, winds near 91 mph.
Most recent
August 30, 2021
Ida, Tropical storm
30.3 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Ida | 2021 | 30.3 | Tropical storm |
| Claudette | 2021 | 98.4 | Tropical storm |
| Delta | 2020 | 12.0 | Tropical storm |
| Laura | 2020 | 78.8 | Category 1 |
| Olga | 2019 | 72.4 | Post-tropical |
| Barry | 2019 | 77.6 | Tropical storm |
| Isaac | 2012 | 2.2 | Tropical storm |
| Lee | 2011 | 39.6 | Subtropical storm |
| Gustav | 2008 | 41.0 | Category 1 |
| Bill | 2003 | 87.2 | Tropical storm |
| Lili | 2002 | 19.7 | Tropical storm |
| Isidore | 2002 | 91.9 | Tropical storm |
| Andrew | 1992 | 3.9 | Tropical storm |
| Juan | 1985 | 48.4 | Tropical storm |
| Elena | 1985 | 1.3 | Tropical storm |
| Danny | 1985 | 18.8 | Tropical storm |
| Bob | 1979 | 77.0 | Tropical storm |
| Carmen | 1974 | 70.4 | Category 1 |
| Edith | 1971 | 25.8 | Tropical storm |
| Camille | 1969 | 88.5 | Category 1 |
| Betsy | 1965 | 5.4 | Tropical storm |
| Hilda | 1964 | 56.4 | Category 1 |
| Audrey | 1957 | 58.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1955 | 42.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1949 | 51.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1947 | 26.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 18.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1932 | 4.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1931 | 3.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1926 | 20.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1923 | 21.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1920 | 12.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 92.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1915 | 86.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1912 | 58.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1909 | 0.0 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1905 | 66.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1905 | 6.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1898 | 19.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 94.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1890 | 53.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 22.5 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1886 | 0.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1879 | 70.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1879 | 54.8 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1869 | 81.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1865 | 96.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1865 | 90.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1863 | 49.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1860 | 35.3 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1856 | 6.1 | Tropical storm |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 49 days
Heavy smoke on 2 days in 2021, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
11.5 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
6 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 20 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
1,212 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $11.7 million paid.
Most claims in one year
1983: 168 claims
$1.0 million paid.
2nd most
1979: 143 claims
$1.2 million paid.
3rd most
1991: 91 claims
$518,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 71373 | 712 | $7.7 million |
| 71334 | 207 | $2.2 million |
| 132 | $647,000 | |
| 71343 | 49 | $480,000 |
| 71354 | 36 | $236,000 |
| 70124 | 22 | $0 |
| 71377 | 12 | $98,000 |
| 71344 | 11 | $44,000 |
| 71378 | 8 | $30,000 |
| 71326 | 5 | $11,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood29
- Flood4
- Heavy Rain1
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
Most severe crest
May 17, 1927
Black River at Acme, 62.70 ft
14.70 feet above the 48.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
April 13, 2025
Black River at Acme, 61.49 ft
Major flooding.
| May 17, 1927 | Black River at Acme | 62.70 | +14.70 |
| Apr 13, 2025 | Black River at Acme | 61.49 | +13.49 |
| Apr 25, 1945 | Black River at Acme | 59.40 | +11.40 |
| May 16, 1973 | Black River at Acme | 58.05 | +10.05 |
| Mar 7, 1937 | Black River at Acme | 56.80 | +8.80 |
| Mar 7, 1936 | Black River at Acme | 56.80 | +8.80 |
| Mar 4, 1950 | Black River at Acme | 56.00 | +8.00 |
| Mar 9, 1932 | Black River at Acme | 55.80 | +7.80 |
| Jun 19, 1929 | Black River at Acme | 53.70 | +5.70 |
| May 24, 1944 | Black River at Acme | 53.50 | +5.50 |
| Apr 17, 1975 | Black River at Acme | 53.20 | +5.20 |
| Apr 26, 1945 | Tensas River at Clayton | 60.10 | +5.10 |
| May 17, 1973 | Tensas River at Clayton | 60.00 | +5.00 |
| May 1, 1953 | Black River at Acme | 52.80 | +4.80 |
| May 26, 1953 | Black River at Acme | 52.80 | +4.80 |
| May 18, 1991 | Tensas River at Clayton | 58.10 | +3.10 |
| Apr 29, 1938 | Black River at Acme | 51.50 | +3.50 |
| Jun 15, 1957 | Black River at Acme | 51.30 | +3.30 |
| Mar 2, 1949 | Black River at Acme | 51.20 | +3.20 |
| Feb 27, 1946 | Black River at Acme | 51.20 | +3.20 |
| Jun 18, 1935 | Black River at Acme | 51.20 | +3.20 |
| May 23, 1958 | Black River at Acme | 51.10 | +3.10 |
| Mar 6, 1950 | Tensas River at Clayton | 57.71 | +2.71 |
| Apr 7, 1939 | Black River at Acme | 50.70 | +2.70 |
| May 29, 1983 | Black River at Acme | 50.50 | +2.50 |
River gauges
| Black River at Acme | 48.0 | 62.70 ft | 4 |
| Red River 6.5 Miles Below the Confluence of the Black | 43.0 | — | 0 |
| Tensas River at Clayton | 55.0 | 60.10 ft | 0 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 87 of 1,581 months since 1895 (6%); the longest spell lasted 11 months.
87
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
23
Months in extreme drought
6%
Share of all months, severe or worse
15
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
August 1925
−4.95, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
11 months
November 1917 to September 1918.
Latest month
September 2026
−2.68, moderate drought
Last severe month: April 2026.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
1 earthquake of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 2010; none reached magnitude 4.
0
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
1
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
0
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
August 1, 2010
Magnitude 3.0
16 km ESE of Clinton, Louisiana; 45.1 miles away, 0.2 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
August 1, 2010
Magnitude 3.0
16 km ESE of Clinton, Louisiana; 45.1 miles away.
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
363 events in the National Weather Service record, 295 of them since 1996.
44
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
5
Hail, 2 inches or larger
109
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
15
Winter weather events since 1996
4
Heat events since 1996
4
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
May 24, 2001
4.50 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
February 12, 2008
81 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 2 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Sep 2, 2008Flash Flood$25.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Persistent heavy rains fell from the bands around weakening Hurricane Gustav. These slow moving bands produced tremendous rainfall amounts across nearly all of Concordia Parish. Rainfall totals ranged between 10 and 20 inches with the heaviest across the western side of the parish. The heaviest of rains fell during the evening of the 2nd and early morning hours of the 3rd.||This extreme rainfall flooded numerous roads across the parish and many of these were closed for several days. Many other roads were washed out along with some bridges damaged or destroyed. Dozens of homes and businesses were flooded along with apartment complexes. Flood damage was significant in most…
- Sep 1, 2008Tropical Storm, Concordia$6.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Tropical storm force winds occurred across Concordia Parish as the outer edges of Hurricane Gustav moved across southern and central Louisiana. Numerous trees and power lines were blown down. Many homes sustained minor roof damage with less than 10 percent of the shingles pealed off. Homes and buildings with tin roofs also sustained damage as some tin was torn off. All damage was widespread across the parish as wind gusts peaked between 50 and 70 mph for several hours. Many roads were blocked by downed trees and the power outages were extensive and lasted for several days. Sustained winds were around 40 mph.
- May 9, 2011Flood$5.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Flooding along the Mississippi River caused extensive flooding of low lying farmland around the river. All of the flood waters were within the mainline levee. Flooding along the Concordia riverfront was extensive. Man-made levees were constructed around several buildings along the river, including a hotel and a hospital. A campground in the area also flooded when the river crested.
- Aug 29, 2005Hurricane (Typhoon), Concordia$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
See detailed narrative in Central Mississippi section.
- Sep 24, 2005Hurricane (Typhoon), Concordia$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
See narrative for Mississippi.
- Jan 13, 2006Tornado$450,000
National Weather Service narrative
This tornado torn a portion of the roof off two buildings and pealed shingles off many more homes and buildings. In addition to the damaged structures, several trees were snapped and uprooted.
- Feb 11, 2010Heavy Snow, Concordia$400,000
National Weather Service narrative
Four to six inches of snow was reported across Concordia Parish. There were reports of automobile accidents.
- Feb 24, 2007Tornado$400,000
National Weather Service narrative
After crossing the Tensas River at Jonesville, this tornado continued across wooded land just northwest of the Wildsville Community. Most of this track was not accessible by vehicle. However, the tornado intensified as it downed or snapped numerous trees. The tornado continued to track east northeast and crossed the Tensas River back into Catahoula Parish and then crossed the river one last time as it moved into Concordia Parish.
- Dec 28, 2024Thunderstorm Wind$350,000
National Weather Service narrative
A few homes were damaged with minor to major roof damage. Worst damage was when a large section of roof was pealed back and portions broken apart. A few other sheds were damaged with roof damage as well. Trees were uprooted and other damaged. Much of this was on the east side of the lake where winds were unimpeded. Peak winds were around 75 mph.
- Aug 2, 2008Thunderstorm Wind$300,000
National Weather Service narrative
Numerous trees and power lines were blown down across the northern portion of the parish. The damage extended from Lake St. John to Clayton to Catahoula/Concordia Parish line. A few homes near Lake St. John sustained minor shingle damage.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Natchez, 12.1 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1892.
- All-time high
- 105°F5 times, most recently Aug 9, 1935
- All-time low
- 4°F2 times, most recently Jan 27, 1940
- Warmest night
- 87°FJul 9, 1995
- Coldest day
- 20°F2 times, most recently Dec 23, 1989
- Wettest day
- 10.51 inMay 1, 1954
- Snowiest day
- 9.5 inJan 23, 1940
- Hottest year
- 1911mean 69.8°F
- Coldest year
- 2014mean 62.3°F
- Wettest year
- 191984.67 in
- Driest year
- 192434.24 in
- Snowiest season
- 9.5 in1939-40
Median first snow
January 18
Earliest: December 8, 2017
Median last snow
January 23
Latest: March 22, 1968
66 of 82 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Natchez (USC00226177), 195 ft elevation, 12.1 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1892 to October 27, 2026; 94.0% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
37 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, January 24, 2026.
| Jan 24, 2026 | Winter Storm | EM-3638-LA |
| Sep 10, 2024 | Hurricane | EM-3614-LA |
| Sep 13, 2021 | Coastal Storm | EM-3574-LA |
| Aug 29, 2021 | Hurricane | DR-4611-LA |
| Aug 27, 2021 | Hurricane | EM-3568-LA |
| Mar 9, 2021 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-4590-LA |
| Feb 18, 2021 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3556-LA |
| Oct 27, 2020 | Hurricane | EM-3549-LA |
| Oct 16, 2020 | Hurricane | DR-4570-LA |
| Oct 7, 2020 | Hurricane | EM-3547-LA |
| Sep 14, 2020 | Hurricane | EM-3543-LA |
| Aug 28, 2020 | Hurricane | DR-4559-LA |
| Aug 23, 2020 | Hurricane | EM-3538-LA |
| Jun 7, 2020 | Coastal Storm | EM-3527-LA |
| Mar 24, 2020 | Biological | DR-4484-LA |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3459-LA |
| Sep 19, 2019 | Flood | DR-4462-LA |
| Jul 11, 2019 | Coastal Storm | EM-3416-LA |
| May 29, 2019 | Flood | EM-3413-LA |
| Feb 5, 2016 | Flood | EM-3376-LA |
| Feb 22, 2013 | Severe Storm | DR-4102-LA |
| Aug 29, 2012 | Hurricane | DR-4080-LA |
| Aug 18, 2011 | Flood | DR-4015-LA |
| May 6, 2011 | Flood | EM-3322-LA |
| Sep 13, 2008 | Hurricane | DR-1792-LA |
| Sep 2, 2008 | Hurricane | DR-1786-LA |
| Aug 29, 2008 | Hurricane | EM-3289-LA |
| Sep 24, 2005 | Hurricane | DR-1607-LA |
| Sep 21, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3260-LA |
| Aug 29, 2005 | Hurricane | DR-1603-LA |
| Aug 27, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3212-LA |
| Sep 15, 2004 | Hurricane | DR-1548-LA |
| May 3, 1991 | Severe Storm | DR-904-LA |
| Jun 6, 1975 | Severe Storm | DR-470-LA |
| Apr 12, 1975 | Flood | EM-3011-LA |
| Feb 23, 1974 | Flood | DR-418-LA |
| Apr 27, 1973 | Flood | DR-374-LA |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Concordia Parish stands among 64 counties in Louisiana and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 38 | 34 / 64 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 4 | 13 / 64 |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 27 | 37 / 64 |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 4 | 37 / 64 |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 0 | — |
| Flood insurance claims | 1,212 | 28 / 64 |
| Flood insurance paid | $11.7 million | 32 / 64 |
| Disaster declarations | 37 | 44 / 64 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 34 | 40 / 64 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 196 | 28 / 64 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 15 | 34 / 64 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $44.8 million | 43 / 64 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 4 | 30 / 64 |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 0.0 | — |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 87 | 58 / 64 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 11.5 | 48 / 64 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 0 | — |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 0 | — |
Neighbouring counties
| Adams County MS | 20 | 26 |
| Avoyelles Parish | 54 | 30 |
| Catahoula Parish | 34 | 24 |
| Pointe Coupee Parish | 26 | 37 |
| Tensas Parish | 29 | 21 |
| West Feliciana Parish | 12 | 34 |
| Wilkinson County MS | 17 | 33 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00226177.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.