Monroe County
Population 167,179 (2025) 608 sq mi
Property owners in Monroe County have filed 436 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 41st most of 67 counties in Pennsylvania.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 195015
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger27
- Wildfire burn scars since 19843
- Major flood years since 19786
At a glance
The record for Monroe County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi
11
15th of 67 in Pennsylvania
1 at hurricane strength since 1851
DetailsAcres burned since 1984
5,940
Most of any of Pennsylvania’s 67 counties
3 large fires; the largest was 16 Mile, 2016
DetailsTornadoes since 1950
15
32nd of 67 in Pennsylvania
About as many as the typical Pennsylvania county
DetailsStrongest tornado
F3
March 21, 1976, 0.5 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
Cat. 1
Hurricane (unnamed), 1878, 3.9 miles away
Tornadoes
About one every 5.1 years since 1950, one of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
March 21, 1976
F3, 0.5 mile path
100 yards wide.
Most recent
Tuesday, October 2, 2018
EF1, 1.4 mile path
8 years ago.
Every recorded tornado
| Oct 2, 2018 | EF1 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 29, 2009 | EF2 | 4.6 | 2 | 0 |
| Jul 1, 2001 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 7, 1998 | F1 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 8, 1996 | F1 | 10.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 16, 1994 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 3, 1985 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 31, 1985 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 29, 1983 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 5, 1979 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 5, 1979 | F2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 5, 1979 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 21, 1976 | F3 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 13, 1972 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 5, 1952 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Monroe County: 0.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
11 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 1 at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
October 23, 1878
Unnamed storm, Category 1
3.9 miles at closest approach, winds near 83 mph.
Most recent
September 2, 2021
Ida, Post-tropical
63.5 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Ida | 2021 | 63.5 | Post-tropical |
| Isaias | 2020 | 4.3 | Tropical storm |
| Sandy | 2012 | 71.7 | Post-tropical |
| Irene | 2011 | 60.3 | Tropical storm |
| Hanna | 2008 | 72.2 | Tropical storm |
| Floyd | 1999 | 83.9 | Tropical storm |
| Bertha | 1996 | 61.7 | Tropical storm |
| Gloria | 1985 | 93.5 | Category 1 |
| David | 1979 | 42.6 | Tropical storm |
| Belle | 1976 | 92.3 | Tropical storm |
| Agnes | 1972 | 54.8 | Post-tropical |
| Doria | 1971 | 57.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1968 | 93.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1961 | 92.3 | Tropical storm |
| Brenda | 1960 | 73.5 | Tropical storm |
| Diane | 1955 | 36.7 | Tropical storm |
| Hazel | 1954 | 98.9 | Post-tropical |
| Able | 1952 | 12.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1949 | 18.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 62.5 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1933 | 58.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1929 | 4.9 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1924 | 59.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1915 | 28.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1903 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1900 | 85.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1899 | 7.2 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 5.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 62.0 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 86.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 4.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1885 | 82.9 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1882 | 99.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1878 | 3.9 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1877 | 97.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1874 | 65.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1872 | 68.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1866 | 50.3 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1863 | 43.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1861 | 71.4 | Tropical storm |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
5,940 acres burned in 3 large fires since 1984, equal to 1.5% of the land.
Largest
April 20, 2016
16 Mile Fire, 7,887 acres
4,500 acres inside Monroe County.
Most recent
November 7, 2020
Seven Pines Fire
789 acres in total.
Every large fire
| Seven Pines | 2020 | 789 | 789 |
| 16 Mile | 2016 | 4,500 | 7,887 |
| Bear Town | 2016 | 649 | 648 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 52 days
Heavy smoke on 12 days in 2023, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
13.8 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
16 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 22 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
436 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $14.8 million paid.
Most claims in one year
2006: 71 claims
$3.9 million paid.
2nd most
2005: 63 claims
$3.0 million paid.
3rd most
2004: 60 claims
$3.8 million paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 18341 | 73 | $3.0 million |
| 18360 | 66 | $972,000 |
| 18301 | 38 | $403,000 |
| 18356 | 33 | $3.7 million |
| 18320 | 25 | $276,000 |
| 18353 | 19 | $305,000 |
| 18058 | 17 | $84,000 |
| 18372 | 17 | $420,000 |
| 18327 | 17 | $3.5 million |
| 18466 | 16 | $47,000 |
| 18331 | 15 | $55,000 |
| 18330 | 14 | $454,000 |
| 18325 | 13 | $50,000 |
| 18355 | 11 | $57,000 |
| 18302 | 10 | $70,000 |
| 18346 | 9 | $79,000 |
| 18610 | 6 | $143,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood63
- Heavy Rain43
- Flood21
2 deaths recorded in flood events since 1996.
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
Most severe crest
August 19, 1955
Brodhead Creek at Minisink Hills, 27.70 ft
17.70 feet above the 10.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
September 2, 2021
Brodhead Creek at Analomink, 9.17 ft
Moderate flooding.
River gauges
| Brodhead Creek at Analomink | 8.0 | 11.82 ft | 2 |
| Brodhead Creek at Minisink Hills | 10.0 | 27.70 ft | 3 |
| Bush Kill at Shoemakers | 6.0 | 13.95 ft | 2 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 63 of 1,581 months since 1895 (4%); the longest spell lasted 21 months.
63
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
13
Months in extreme drought
4%
Share of all months, severe or worse
41
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
July 1965
−5.18, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
21 months
August 1964 to April 1966.
Latest month
September 2026
−1.03, mild drought
Last severe month: February 2026.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes and landslides
3 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.8 in 2024.
0
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
9
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
3
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
April 5, 2024
Magnitude 4.8
2024 Tewksbury, New Jersey Earthquake; 26.5 miles away, 1.6 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
April 5, 2024
Magnitude 3.7
7 km WSW of Gladstone, New Jersey; 27.3 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Apr 5, 2024 | 4.8 | 26.5 |
| Jan 15, 1994 | 4.6 | 44.7 |
| Jan 15, 1994 | 4.2 | 43.8 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Mapped landslides
1
Landslides mapped, probable or better
1
With a recorded date
1
Source inventory
Mapped by NASA (1).
- Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.
USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
1,345 events in the National Weather Service record, 1,299 of them since 1996.
27
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
2
Hail, 2 inches or larger
296
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
486
Winter weather events since 1996
35
Heat events since 1996
49
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
June 22, 1996
3.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
August 16, 1997
85 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 31 | 3 |
| Dust storms and dust devils | 1 | 0 |
| Dense fog and smoke | 23 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Apr 2, 2005Flood, Monroe$40.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
For the second time within seven months a greater than 50-year storm affected the Delaware River Basin and its tributaries. In all, about 5,715 homes were evacuated along the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Ed Rendell quickly declared a state of emergency and made money available to the Pennsylvania Emergency Management for flood related needs. Many homes and businesses that were flooded because of the remnants of Hurricane Ivan, were flooded again. The crests along the Delaware River were even higher than in September 2004 and were the highest crests since 1955. In many places, it was the second or third highest crest on record for the Delaware…
- Jan 19, 1996Flood, Monroe$25.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The combination of snowmelt from the previous week's two storms, unseasonably warm temperatures and an additional one to two inches of rain caused the flash flooding of almost every small stream and significant roadway flooding the afternoon and early evening hours on the 19th. Major flooding of the larger streams and rivers in Pennsylvania continued through the 21st. The flooding caused three deaths, all in Montgomery County, three injuries and about $50 million dollars in property damage. All of Pennsylvania was declared a disaster area and extra public assistance was given to Northampton, Bucks and Monroe Counties, the hardest hit counties in the Southern Poconos and Southeast…
- Jun 27, 2006Flood$16.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Several days of heavy rain throughout the Delaware and Lehigh River Basins culminated with major flooding along the Delaware River from the 28th through the 30th. It was the second highest crest on record for the Delaware River along Monroe County only surpassed by the flooding in August of 1955. The worst reported damage was along the Brodhead Creek and along the Delaware River. The crest along the Delaware River was slightly lower than the April 2005 flood. President George W. Bush declared Monroe County a disaster area. Two men drowned. Sporadic periods of heavy rain started on the 23rd, but the most widespread and heaviest rain fell from the night of the 27th into the morning…
- Jan 5, 2005Winter Storm, Monroe$10.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
One of the worst ice storms in history to affect the Poconos occurred on January 5th and 6th. As nasty as that storm was, it was exacerbated by another ice storm on January 8th. At one point, nearly three-quarters of Carbon County was without power and nearly 46,000 homes and businesses in Monroe County lost power. Systemwide 238,000 Pennsylvania Power and Light customers lost power and the total repair cost was estimated at $25,000,000. Metropolitan Edison reported about 40,000 of its customers lost power. Thousands upon thousands of trees were knocked down or damaged. The number of outages cascaded. There were only 1,000 the morning of the 6th, but that increased to 27,000 the…
- Sep 18, 2004Flash Flood$8.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The remnants of Hurricane Ivan interacting with a slowly moving cold front caused widespread very heavy rain to fall from the late evening of the 17th through the first half of the day on the 18th in Monroe County. Doppler Radar storm total estimates averaged between 3 and 6 inches throughout the county. The torrential rain caused widespread poor drainage, creek and river flooding. It was the worst flooding along the Delaware River since 1955. Every stream in the county flooded. About 160 homes and businesses were damaged. Extensive damage also occurred in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreational Area. President George W. Bush declared the county a disaster area. Damage was…
- Sep 18, 2004Flood, Monroe$8.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The remnants of Hurricane Ivan interacting with a slowly moving cold front caused widespread very heavy rain to fall from the late evening of the 17th through the first half of the day on the 18th in Monroe County. Doppler Radar storm total estimates averaged between 3 and 6 inches throughout the county. The torrential rain caused widespread poor drainage, creek and river flooding. It was the worst flooding along the Delaware River since 1955. Every stream in the county flooded. About 160 homes and businesses were damaged. Extensive damage also occurred in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreational Area. President George W. Bush declared the county a disaster area. Damage was…
- Feb 16, 2003Heavy Snow, Monroe$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The most powerful storm to affect Eastern Pennsylvania since the Blizzard of 1996 struck during the President's Day Weekend. Snow began falling around daybreak on Sunday the 16th in and around Philadelphia and then spread slowly north. It reached Reading around 9 a.m. EST, the Lehigh Valley during the early afternoon and the Poconos toward sunset. The heaviest snow fell in Philadelphia and its suburbs during the day into the early evening of the 16th. The snow mixed with sleet in Philadelphia and Delaware Counties from the evening of the 16th through the morning of the 17th. The heaviest snow in Berks County and the Lehigh Valley fell during the first half of the day on the 17th…
- Sep 18, 2003High Wind, Monroe$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Tropical Storm Isabel produced strong power outage producing winds, moderate tidal flooding along the Delaware River and stream flooding in Chester County. Isabel made landfall as a hurricane near Drum Inlet, North Carolina around 100 p.m. EDT on the 18th and weakened as it tracked farther inland. At one time in its life cycle, it was a powerful Category 5 hurricane when it was north of the Leewood Islands. Winds gusted up to 60 mph in Eastern Pennsylvania and downed countless numbers of trees, tree limbs and power lines. It was the worst outage on record for PECO Energy in southeastern Pennsylvania. About 572,425 of its customers lost power. This exceeded the outages that…
- Jan 7, 1996Blizzard, Monroe$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The Blizzard of '96, the second coined "STORM OF THE CENTURY" of this decade brought record breaking snow to most of Southeast Pennsylvania and paralyzed the region for several days, caused most municipalities to exceed their annual snow budgets during this one storm, caused several building collapses and caused directly or directly 42 deaths and countless injuries. Six persons died of hypothermia, 4 in Philadelphia, 1 in Delaware County and 1 in Lehigh County. Some were homeless persons, but one woman in Allentown accidentally locked herself out of her home. Twenty-nine persons suffered heart attacks and died while shoveling snow, using snowblowers or trying to walk in the deep…
- Jul 29, 2009Tornado$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
An EF-2 tornado with estimated maximum wind speeds of 120 mph touched down and affected Hamilton and Stroud Townships. The highest wind speeds and worst reported damage occurred on Middle Road in Hamilton Township and Stroudsmoor Road in Stroud Township. Two men were injured and about 10,000 homes and businesses lost power. Hundreds of trees were destroyed and at least 25 telephone poles had to be replaced. Power was not fully restored until the 31st. In Hamilton Township, two homes suffered roof damage and four large farm buildings and one garage were destroyed. In Stroud Township, one home lost its roof, two others had trees on their roofs and a section of a resort building lost…
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From E Stroudsburg, 5.4 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1911.
- All-time high
- 106°FSep 3, 1953
- All-time low
- −35°FJan 14, 1912
- Warmest night
- 80°F2 times, most recently Jul 5, 1990
- Coldest day
- −1°FDec 30, 1933
- Wettest day
- 7.50 inAug 1, 1913
- Snowiest day
- 29.0 inMar 20, 1958
- Hottest year
- 1990mean 53.8°F
- Coldest year
- 1958mean 46.5°F
- Wettest year
- 201181.90 in
- Driest year
- 193023.30 in
- Snowiest season
- 109.5 in1957-58
Median first snow
November 28
Earliest: October 15, 2009
Median last snow
March 26
Latest: April 29, 1988
0 of 88 winters had no measurable snow.
Station E Stroudsburg (USC00368596), 471 ft elevation, 5.4 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1911 to October 19, 2026; 87.3% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
21 since 1953. The most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, March 30, 2020.
| Mar 30, 2020 | Biological | DR-4506-PA |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3441-PA |
| Jan 10, 2013 | Hurricane | DR-4099-PA |
| Oct 29, 2012 | Hurricane | EM-3356-PA |
| Sep 12, 2011 | Flood | DR-4030-PA |
| Sep 8, 2011 | Flood | EM-3340-PA |
| Sep 3, 2011 | Hurricane | DR-4025-PA |
| Aug 29, 2011 | Hurricane | EM-3339-PA |
| Jun 30, 2006 | Severe Storm | DR-1649-PA |
| Sep 10, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3235-PA |
| Apr 14, 2005 | Severe Storm | DR-1587-PA |
| Sep 19, 2004 | Hurricane | DR-1557-PA |
| Sep 19, 2004 | Severe Storm | DR-1555-PA |
| Jan 21, 1996 | Flood | DR-1093-PA |
| Jan 13, 1996 | Snowstorm | DR-1085-PA |
| Mar 10, 1994 | Severe Storm | DR-1015-PA |
| Mar 16, 1993 | Snowstorm | EM-3105-PA |
| Jul 17, 1973 | Flood | DR-400-PA |
| Jun 23, 1972 | Flood | DR-340-PA |
| Aug 19, 1969 | Flood | DR-273-PA |
| Aug 18, 1965 | Drought | DR-206-PA |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Monroe County stands among 67 counties in Pennsylvania and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 15 | 32 / 67 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 1 | 15 / 67 |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 11 | 15 / 67 |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 1 | 2 / 67 |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 5,940 | 1 / 67 |
| Flood insurance claims | 436 | 41 / 67 |
| Flood insurance paid | $14.8 million | 25 / 67 |
| Disaster declarations | 21 | 17 / 67 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 127 | 20 / 67 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 519 | 18 / 67 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 486 | 1 / 67 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $115 million | 13 / 67 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 7 | 28 / 67 |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 0.0 | — |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 63 | 64 / 67 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 13.8 | 38 / 67 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 3 | 19 / 67 |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 0 | — |
Neighbouring counties
| Carbon County | 4 | 11 |
| Lackawanna County | 12 | 9 |
| Luzerne County | 20 | 10 |
| Northampton County | 13 | 11 |
| Pike County | 8 | 11 |
| Sussex County NJ | 4 | 16 |
| Warren County NJ | 6 | 14 |
| Wayne County | 11 | 9 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00368596.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.