Caledonia County

Every recorded tornado

1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Caledonia County: 0.
2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Every storm within 100 miles

1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Smoke overhead

1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Claims by ZIP code

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

River gauges

1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

Mapped by VT GS (370).

1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

More event types since 1996

Costliest events since 1996

1. Jul 30, 2024Flash Flood$4.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   Emergency Mgmt. and Dept. of Highways reported numerous road washouts and bridge damage from St. Johnsbury Center to Lyndon. Several homes were also reported damaged and/or destroyed on Red Village Rd. and Brook Rd. NWS Storm Surveys confirmed catastrophic flash flood damage in these latter areas.

2. Aug 28, 2011Flood$4.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   Flooding from Tropical Storm Irene was widespread across Caledonia County. The Passumpsic River flooded portions of route 5 from Lyndonville downstream through St. Johnsbury Center, forcing evacuations of homes and businesses along Main Street in Lyndonville. Upper reaches of the Wells River flooded portions of route 302 in Groton and South Ryegate.

3. Jul 10, 2024Flash Flood$3.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   Public video/picture of severe flash flooding along the Stevens River in Barnet Village. Subsequent reports from Emergency Mgmt. and NWS Storm Surveys the following morning confirmed severe to devastating flash flooding throughout the Barnet and Peacham area with numerous roads and structures heavily damaged or destroyed.

4. May 26, 2011Flash Flood$2.5 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   Devastating flash flooding resulted from over 5 inches of rainfall in just a few hours the evening of May 26. Roads were washed out in Lyndon, St. Johnsbury, Danville, Kirby, and Barnet, and swift water rescues were needed in St. Johnsbury. In Barnet, a portion of Route 5 and an adjacent railroad track were washed out by a tributary to the Passumpsic River. Portions of Route 302 were closed in Groton and Ryegate. Route 5 was flooded by the Passumpsic River from Lyndonville to Saint Johnsbury Center, and Route 2 was closed east of St. Johnsbury.

5. Jul 30, 2024Flash Flood$2.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   Dept. of Highways reported US 5 washed out just south of the State Police Barracks. NWS Storm surveys confirmed a significant washout at this location, and along several points on Concord Ave. in St. Johnsbury where locally severe flash flooding occurred at the intersection with Gilman Avenue. Here a bridge was completely destroyed and several homes significantly damaged.

6. Jul 30, 2024Flash Flood$2.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   Dept. of Highways reported flash flooding and washouts along Route 2 in St. Johnsbury from Snell Rd. east through Spaulding Rd. and to Pettyco Junction. Other significant damage was reported in the immediate St. Johnsbury area. NWS Storm Surveys also confirmed considerable flash flood damage to Moose River Campground and nearby residences during which residents/owners reported numerous evacuations.

7. Aug 11, 1998Flash Flood$1.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   A cold front moved across the region during the late afternoon and night of August 11th into the early morning of August 12th. With a warm humid airmass in place, thunderstorms resulted in torrential downpours late at night. Small streams and brooks across southern portions of the county quickly rose out of their banks. Road flooding was especially severe in Danville where Roy Brook quickly flooded with massive road damage resulting. Flooding of Cooper Brook resulted in road washouts in Hardwick and flooding of some homes. Flooding was also reported in Groton and St. Johnsbury.

8. Jul 11, 2024Flash Flood$1.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   Dept. of Highways reported several roads closed or damaged due to high water. This included, but was not limited to VT-122 in Sheffield. NWS Storm Surveys the following morning revealed additional flash flood damage, some severe in the Lyndon/Burke area. In particular, several homes and a business were heavily damaged on Calendar Brook Rd. in Lyndon. Also, Hunter Farm Rd. was heavily damaged.

9. Jul 10, 2024Flash Flood$1.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   Official NWS storm surveys confirmed severe to locally devastating damage from flash flooding in the St. Johnsbury Center and Lyndon areas. Numerous roads and bridges were damaged with several homes and businesses experiencing severe damage, especially on Center St. in Lyndonville where a fatality occurred. Valid time listed from initial call from public concerning flash flooding on Red Village Road in Lyndonville.

10. Jul 10, 2024Flash Flood$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Department of Highways reported numerous roads damaged or washed out due to flash flooding in the St. Johnsbury area. This included, but was not limited to US Route 5 in Passumpsic Village and US Route 2 at VT Route 18. NWS Storm Surveys the following morning confirmed numerous other areas of flash flooding, including areas near the Fairbanks Mill along the Sleepers River, and US Route 5 over the Water Andric where severe washouts occurred and destroyed a section of the Vermont Rail System line.

1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

All-time high

101°F3 times, most recently Jun 5, 1919

All-time low

−43°F2 times, most recently Feb 16, 1943

Warmest night

76°FJul 25, 1943

Coldest day

−18°FDec 30, 1933

Wettest day

8.08 inJul 30, 2024

Snowiest day

33.0 inFeb 25, 1969

Hottest year

2024mean 49.1°F

Coldest year

1904mean 40.9°F

Wettest year

202455.51 in

Driest year

198824.69 in

Snowiest season

139.7 in2007-08

Station Saint Johnsbury (USC00437054), 700 ft elevation, 4.3 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1894 to October 21, 2026; 99.6% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

Neighbouring counties

• Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
• Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
• Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
• Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
• Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
• Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
• Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00437054.
• River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
• Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
• Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
• Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
• Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.