Kent County
Population 19,565 (2025) 277 sq mi
Property owners in Kent County have filed 341 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 19th most of 24 counties in Maryland.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 19505
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger43
- Major flood years since 19781
At a glance
The record for Kent County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Tornadoes since 1950
5
23rd of 24 in Maryland
Fewer than the typical Maryland county, which has had 17
DetailsStrongest tornado
F2
July 27, 1994, 4.0 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
Cat. 1
Hurricane (unnamed), 1878, 37.9 miles away
Tornadoes
About one every 15 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
July 27, 1994
F2, 4.0 mile path
150 yards wide.
Most recent
Wednesday, July 27, 1994
F2, 4.0 mile path
32 years ago.
Every recorded tornado
| Jul 27, 1994 | F2 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 13, 1990 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 16, 1989 | F1 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 14, 1975 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 11, 1950 | F1 | 6.0 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Kent County: 0.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
20 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 1 at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
October 23, 1878
Unnamed storm, Category 1
37.9 miles at closest approach, winds near 90 mph.
Most recent
September 1, 2021
Ida, Post-tropical
20.4 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Ida | 2021 | 20.4 | Post-tropical |
| Elsa | 2021 | 50.8 | Tropical storm |
| Zeta | 2020 | 45.4 | Post-tropical |
| Isaias | 2020 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Fay | 2020 | 72.9 | Tropical storm |
| Andrea | 2013 | 61.7 | Post-tropical |
| Sandy | 2012 | 27.8 | Post-tropical |
| Irene | 2011 | 65.4 | Tropical storm |
| Hanna | 2008 | 25.3 | Tropical storm |
| Ernesto | 2006 | 23.3 | Post-tropical |
| Gaston | 2004 | 94.3 | Tropical storm |
| Charley | 2004 | 85.0 | Post-tropical |
| Floyd | 1999 | 62.4 | Tropical storm |
| Bertha | 1996 | 23.9 | Tropical storm |
| Danielle | 1992 | 1.7 | Tropical storm |
| Gloria | 1985 | 85.9 | Category 1 |
| David | 1979 | 95.3 | Tropical storm |
| Doria | 1971 | 44.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1961 | 57.4 | Tropical storm |
| Donna | 1960 | 99.1 | Category 2 |
| Brenda | 1960 | 41.5 | Tropical storm |
| Diane | 1955 | 36.1 | Tropical storm |
| Connie | 1955 | 17.7 | Tropical storm |
| Hazel | 1954 | 63.8 | Post-tropical |
| Able | 1952 | 40.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1949 | 69.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1944 | 76.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1944 | 31.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1943 | 24.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 13.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1933 | 47.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1929 | 18.3 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1928 | 81.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1928 | 65.9 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1924 | 49.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 63.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1915 | 24.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1904 | 41.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1903 | 54.5 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1902 | 69.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1902 | 64.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1900 | 86.9 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1899 | 7.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1894 | 76.2 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 20.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 94.2 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 35.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 99.3 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1889 | 98.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 29.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 87.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1886 | 74.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1885 | 86.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1882 | 51.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1882 | 73.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1879 | 93.5 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1878 | 37.9 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1877 | 33.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1876 | 69.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1874 | 27.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1872 | 24.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1866 | 78.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1863 | 29.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1861 | 39.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1859 | 79.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1856 | 72.4 | Tropical storm |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 54 days
Heavy smoke on 11 days in 2023, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
12.9 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
11 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 27 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
341 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $8.9 million paid.
Most claims in one year
2003: 250 claims
$7.4 million paid.
2nd most
1979: 16 claims
$59,000 paid.
3rd most
2011: 12 claims
$376,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 21661 | 218 | $5.6 million |
| 21620 | 79 | $2.0 million |
| 21651 | 19 | $470,000 |
| 21645 | 10 | $254,000 |
| 21678 | 6 | $361,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Heavy Rain53
- Flash Flood21
- Coastal Flood8
- Flood3
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
Most severe crest
September 19, 2003
Chesapeake Bay at Tolchester Beach (IN MLLW), 7.91 ft
4.41 feet above the 3.5 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
January 10, 2024
Chesapeake Bay at Tolchester Beach (IN MLLW), 5.34 ft
Moderate flooding.
| Sep 19, 2003 | Chesapeake Bay at Tolchester Beach (IN MLLW) | 7.91 | +4.41 |
| Jan 10, 2024 | Chesapeake Bay at Tolchester Beach (IN MLLW) | 5.34 | +1.84 |
| Oct 30, 2021 | Chesapeake Bay at Tolchester Beach (IN MLLW) | 4.93 | +1.43 |
| Sep 7, 1996 | Chesapeake Bay at Tolchester Beach (IN MLLW) | 4.88 | +1.38 |
| Sep 27, 2009 | Chesapeake Bay at Tolchester Beach (IN MLLW) | 4.86 | +1.36 |
| Oct 30, 2012 | Chesapeake Bay at Tolchester Beach (IN MLLW) | 4.78 | +1.28 |
| Mar 19, 1983 | Chesapeake Bay at Tolchester Beach (IN MLLW) | 4.63 | +1.13 |
| Oct 4, 2014 | Chesapeake Bay at Tolchester Beach (IN MLLW) | 4.52 | +1.02 |
| Jan 25, 2010 | Chesapeake Bay at Tolchester Beach (IN MLLW) | 4.50 | +1.00 |
River gauges
| Chesapeake Bay at Tolchester Beach (IN MLLW) | 3.5 | 7.91 ft | 1 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
High tide flooding
Most in one year, Tolchester Beach
17 days
May 2019 to April 2020.
Last ten years
8.4 days a year
At Tolchester Beach, 2016–26.
Moderate or major
15 days
Since 1986, 1 of them major.
- High tide flooding days are days on which a NOAA tide gauge recorded water at or above NOAA's minor flood threshold, set from the gauge's tide range, counted by meteorological year (May to April). These are the counts in NOAA's annual high tide flooding reports; they are not National Weather Service flood stages. Years with less than 80 percent of data are left out.
NOAA CO-OPS high tide flooding counts, through April 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 120 of 1,581 months since 1895 (8%); the longest spell lasted 15 months.
120
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
37
Months in extreme drought
8%
Share of all months, severe or worse
61
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
February 1931
−6.25, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
15 months
June 1965 to August 1966.
Latest month
September 2026
−3.86, severe drought
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes and tsunamis
2 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.2 in 1984.
0
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
7
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
2
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
April 22, 1984
Magnitude 4.2
2 km SSW of Conestoga, Pennsylvania; 40.1 miles away, 3.1 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
November 30, 2017
Magnitude 4.1
3 km NNE of Little Creek, Delaware; 17.6 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Nov 30, 2017 | 4.1 | 17.6 |
| Apr 22, 1984 | 4.2 | 40.1 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Tsunamis
Highest water recorded
Jun 13, 2013
0.4 ft, Tolchester Beach, MD
From Northwest Atlantic Ocean.
On record
1 tsunami
Since 2013.
| Jun 13, 2013 | Northwest Atlantic Ocean | 0.4 | 0 |
- Places where NOAA's Global Historical Tsunami Database records a tsunami's water arriving, with the greatest height it reached above sea level at the time. Only tsunamis NOAA rates probable or definite are counted. Heights from eyewitness accounts and tide gauges are mixed, and older events are less completely recorded.
NOAA NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
828 events in the National Weather Service record, 794 of them since 1996.
13
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
0
Hail, 2 inches or larger
203
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
154
Winter weather events since 1996
84
Heat events since 1996
27
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
July 10, 1992
1.75 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
June 1, 1998
81 mph
More event types since 1996
| Storm surge and tide | 1 | 0 |
| Lightning | 16 | 0 |
| Dense fog and smoke | 25 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Sep 19, 2003Storm Surge/Tide, Kent$10.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Tropical Storm Isabel caused a record breaking tide and storm surge up the Chesapeake Bay, heavy rain and strong power outage producing winds. Isabel made landfall as a hurricane near Drum Inlet, North Carolina around 100 p.m. EDT on the 18th and weakened as it tracked farther inland. At one time in its life cycle, it was a powerful Category 5 hurricane when it was north of the Leewood Islands. Isabel's track took it west of the bay and was able to funnel water into the bay. This caused flooding along coastal areas into Cecil County. A record breaking high tide of 7.91 feet above mean lower low water was observed at Tolchester Beach (Kent County). The surge was 6.88 feet. Tidal…
- Sep 16, 1999Flash Flood$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Hurricane Floyd battered the Maryland Eastern Shore on September 16th and brought with it torrential rains and damaging winds. The hurricane caused widespread flash flooding as storm totals averaged around ten inches, most of which fell in a twelve hour period from the early morning through the afternoon on the 16th. The highest verifiable storm total was 14.00 inches in Chestertown (Kent County). Based on Doppler Radar storm totals estimate similar amounts also fell across northern Queen Anne's County. Flooding along tidal sections of inland creeks and rivers were exacerbated during times of high tide. The torrential downpours associated with Hurricane Floyd exceeded the…
- Oct 29, 2012Flood$600,000
National Weather Service narrative
The heavy rain that fell across Kent County not only caused poor drainage flooding, but exacerbated the tidal flooding along the Chesapeake Bay. Event precipitation totals of around 6 to 8 inches were reported, including 6.93 inches in Worton.
- Aug 28, 2011Flood$550,000
National Weather Service narrative
About a dozen roadways were closed by flooding. In Millington (along the Chester River) the flooding was described as the worst since Hurricane Floyd. Several people were rescued from stranded vehicles. The Sassafras River also flooded along the county line with Cecil County.
- Aug 27, 2011Tropical Storm, Kent$550,000
National Weather Service narrative
Hurricane Irene produced heavy flooding rain, tropical storm force wind gusts and caused one wind related death across the Eastern Shore. Preliminary damage estimates were around three million dollars and approximately 85,000 homes and businesses lost power. Power was not fully restored until September 1st. The combination of heavy rain and wind closed numerous roadways across the Eastern Shore and downed thousands of trees. Some schools were unable to open on Monday August 29th. There was a temporary ban on harvesting shellfish along Chesapeake Bay because of the excessive runoff. Some tomato, corn, watermelon and cantaloupe crops were destroyed. It was estimated that 30,000…
- Oct 29, 2012High Wind, Kent$300,000
National Weather Service narrative
Post Tropical Storm Sandy caused an initial estimate of $5 million dollars in damage in the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Most of the damages were due to flooding caused by excessive rainfall, as up to 13 inches of rain were reported, and due to the high winds, which caused trees and wires to come down across the state. Delmarva Power, which serves portions of the eastern shore counties, reported over 30,000 households without power during the peak of the storm. The majority of residents had power returned by the morning of the 30th. Hundreds of roads were closed due to numerous downed trees and flooding. | |No direct deaths were reported on the Eastern Shore of Maryland due to the…
- Feb 16, 2003Winter Storm, Kent$125,000
National Weather Service narrative
The most powerful storm to affect the Eastern Shore since the Blizzard of 1996 struck during the President's Day Weekend. Snow began falling before dawn on Sunday the 16th and fell heavy at times through that evening. Precipitation began mixing with sleet from the evening of the 16th into the morning of the 17th. Sleet was the predominant precipitation type overnight in southern sections of the Eastern Shore. Precipitation changed to all snow again during the morning of the 17th before ending during the afternoon. Governor Robert Ehrlich declared a state of emergency on the 16th and also issued an executive order banning travel. The state of emergency made state resources…
- Sep 1, 2006Strong Wind, Kent$100,000
National Weather Service narrative
The combination of the remnants of Tropical Storm Ernnesto and a large high pressure system over eastern Canada produced heavy rain and strong winds along the Maryland Eastern Shore. Rain moved into the area during the morning of the 1st and did not exit until around noon EDT on the 2nd. The heaviest rain took a long time to move north. The heaviest rain fell in Talbot and Caroline Counties during the daylight hours on the 1st, but did not reach Cecil County until the morning of the 2nd. Storm totals averaged two to five inches with the highest amounts in Caroline County. The heavy rain produced poor drainage flooding as well as some stream and creek flooding in Caroline County.…
- Oct 30, 2012Coastal Flood, Kent$100,000
National Weather Service narrative
Post Tropical Storm Sandy caused an initial estimate of $5 million dollars in damage in the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Most of the damages were due to flooding caused by excessive rainfall, as up to 13 inches of rain were reported, and due to the high winds, which caused trees and wires to come down across the state. Delmarva Power, which serves portions of the eastern shore counties, reported over 30,000 households without power during the peak of the storm. The majority of residents had power returned by the morning of the 30th. Hundreds of roads were closed due to numerous downed trees and flooding. | |No direct deaths were reported on the Eastern Shore of Maryland due to the…
- May 29, 2009Thunderstorm Wind$50,000
National Weather Service narrative
A severe thunderstorm knocked down a line of trees along Eastern Neck Road south of Rock Hall. A travel trailer was destroyed by a downed tree.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Aberdeen Phillips Field, 16.8 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1919.
- All-time high
- 105°FJul 10, 1936
- All-time low
- −13°FFeb 28, 1934
- Warmest night
- 82°F2 times, most recently Jul 24, 2011
- Coldest day
- 9°FFeb 9, 1934
- Wettest day
- 10.11 inJun 22, 1972
- Snowiest day
- 18.0 inFeb 19, 1979
- Hottest year
- 2007mean 57.3°F
- Coldest year
- 1926mean 51.6°F
- Wettest year
- 200955.74 in
- Driest year
- 193024.00 in
- Snowiest season
- 55.0 in2009-10
Median first snow
December 25
Earliest: November 6, 1953
Median last snow
February 25
Latest: April 8, 1956
4 of 73 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Aberdeen Phillips Field (USW00013701), 57 ft elevation, 16.8 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1919 to October 28, 2026; 89.4% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
21 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, January 24, 2026.
| Jan 24, 2026 | Winter Storm | EM-3634-MD |
| Mar 26, 2020 | Biological | DR-4491-MD |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3430-MD |
| Mar 4, 2016 | Snowstorm | DR-4261-MD |
| Nov 20, 2012 | Hurricane | DR-4091-MD |
| Oct 28, 2012 | Hurricane | EM-3349-MD |
| Aug 2, 2012 | Severe Storm | DR-4075-MD |
| Sep 16, 2011 | Hurricane | DR-4034-MD |
| Aug 27, 2011 | Hurricane | EM-3335-MD |
| May 6, 2010 | Snowstorm | DR-1910-MD |
| Feb 19, 2010 | Snowstorm | DR-1875-MD |
| Sep 13, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3251-MD |
| Sep 19, 2003 | Hurricane | DR-1492-MD |
| Mar 14, 2003 | Severe Storm | EM-3179-MD |
| Apr 10, 2000 | Severe Storm | DR-1324-MD |
| Sep 24, 1999 | Hurricane | DR-1303-MD |
| Jan 11, 1996 | Snowstorm | DR-1081-MD |
| Mar 16, 1993 | Snowstorm | EM-3100-MD |
| Jan 26, 1977 | Snowstorm | DR-524-MD |
| Oct 4, 1975 | Flood | DR-489-MD |
| Jun 23, 1972 | Flood | DR-341-MD |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Kent County stands among 24 counties in Maryland and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 5 | 23 / 24 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 0 | — |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 20 | 11 / 24 |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 1 | 11 / 24 |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 0 | — |
| Flood insurance claims | 341 | 19 / 24 |
| Flood insurance paid | $8.9 million | 13 / 24 |
| Disaster declarations | 21 | 8 / 24 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 85 | 22 / 24 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 345 | 16 / 24 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 154 | 13 / 24 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $25.1 million | 16 / 24 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 1 | 16 / 24 |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 8.4 | 3 / 24 |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 120 | 10 / 24 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 12.9 | 10 / 24 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 2 | 4 / 24 |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 0 | — |
Neighbouring counties
| Cecil County | 19 | 20 |
| Kent County DE | 24 | 27 |
| New Castle County DE | 28 | 20 |
| Queen Anne's County | 13 | 22 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00013701.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Tide gauges NOAA CO-OPS high tide flooding counts, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Tsunamis NOAA NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.