Lincoln County
Population 36,595 (2025) 456 sq mi
18 tropical storms and hurricanes have passed within 50 miles of Lincoln County since 1851, 3 of them at hurricane strength; the strongest was an unnamed storm in 1869 (Category 1).
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 19502
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger28
- Major flood years since 19781
At a glance
The record for Lincoln County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Tornadoes since 1950
2
13th of 16 in Maine
Fewer than the typical Maine county, which has had 6
DetailsStrongest tornado
F1
August 8, 1958, 2.0 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
Cat. 1
Hurricane (unnamed), 1869, 9.4 miles away
Tornadoes
About one every 38 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
August 8, 1958
F1, 2.0 mile path
10 yards wide.
Most recent
Tuesday, October 29, 1963
F1, 0.1 mile path
63 years ago.
Every recorded tornado
| Oct 29, 1963 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 8, 1958 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Lincoln County: 0.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
18 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 3 at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
October 5, 1869
Unnamed storm, Category 1
9.4 miles at closest approach, winds near 92 mph.
Most recent
September 2, 2021
Ida, Post-tropical
99.2 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Ida | 2021 | 99.2 | Post-tropical |
| Elsa | 2021 | 28.4 | Post-tropical |
| Andrea | 2013 | 37.3 | Post-tropical |
| Irene | 2011 | 91.2 | Post-tropical |
| Hanna | 2008 | 39.6 | Post-tropical |
| Floyd | 1999 | 0.0 | Post-tropical |
| Bertha | 1996 | 4.9 | Tropical storm |
| Bob | 1991 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Gloria | 1985 | 58.6 | Tropical storm |
| David | 1979 | 51.5 | Post-tropical |
| Carrie | 1972 | 63.8 | Post-tropical |
| Heidi | 1971 | 30.4 | Tropical storm |
| Doria | 1971 | 72.3 | Tropical storm |
| Gerda | 1969 | 76.8 | Category 1 |
| Frances | 1961 | 67.7 | Post-tropical |
| Esther | 1961 | 2.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1961 | 15.1 | Post-tropical |
| Donna | 1960 | 26.8 | Tropical storm |
| Brenda | 1960 | 40.0 | Tropical storm |
| Cindy | 1959 | 38.0 | Tropical storm |
| Edna | 1954 | 46.6 | Category 1 |
| Carol | 1954 | 70.9 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1952 | 42.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1949 | 78.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1944 | 19.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 20.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 90.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1932 | 67.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1924 | 93.2 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1923 | 86.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1917 | 84.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 4.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 46.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1908 | 12.3 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1904 | 64.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1902 | 3.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1900 | 87.5 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1899 | 35.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1896 | 9.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1894 | 38.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 38.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 96.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1889 | 46.3 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 89.5 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 44.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 26.9 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 61.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1887 | 80.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1885 | 68.0 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1880 | 23.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1879 | 68.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1878 | 76.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1877 | 99.9 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1874 | 16.3 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1872 | 90.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1869 | 9.4 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1869 | 31.5 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1861 | 9.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1861 | 6.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1858 | 43.0 | Tropical storm |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 49 days
Heavy smoke on 7 days in 2023, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
14.3 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
19 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 14 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
149 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $3.6 million paid.
Most claims in one year
2024: 58 claims
$2.4 million paid.
2nd most
1978: 15 claims
$142,000 paid.
3rd most
1986: 9 claims
$30,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 04538 | 39 | $1.6 million |
| 04544 | 18 | $220,000 |
| 04554 | 16 | $903,000 |
| 04576 | 15 | $163,000 |
| 04568 | 9 | $165,000 |
| 04543 | 9 | $96,000 |
| 04852 | 7 | $171,000 |
| 6 | $9,031 | |
| 04537 | 6 | $11,000 |
| 04541 | 6 | $266,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flood20
- Coastal Flood13
- Flash Flood5
- Heavy Rain2
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
Most severe crest
April 1, 1987
Sheepscot River at North Whitefield, 13.71 ft
5.71 feet above the 8.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
May 1, 2023
Sheepscot River at North Whitefield, 8.56 ft
Moderate flooding.
| Apr 1, 1987 | Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 13.71 | +5.71 |
| Dec 18, 1973 | Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 12.52 | +4.52 |
| Apr 13, 1940 | Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 11.81 | +3.81 |
| Apr 25, 1983 | Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 10.39 | +2.39 |
| Mar 15, 1977 | Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 9.52 | +1.52 |
| Apr 4, 2005 | Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 9.50 | +1.50 |
| Sep 12, 1954 | Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 9.21 | +1.21 |
| Apr 3, 1959 | Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 8.65 | +0.65 |
| Mar 27, 1953 | Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 8.63 | +0.63 |
| Apr 18, 2007 | Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 8.63 | +0.63 |
| May 1, 2023 | Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 8.56 | +0.56 |
| Dec 5, 2024 | Boothbay Harbor Tide Gage (MLLW) | 13.54 | +0.54 |
| Dec 19, 2023 | Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 7.07 | −0.93 |
River gauges
| Boothbay Harbor Tide Gage (MLLW) | 13.0 | 13.54 ft | 0 |
| Sheepscot River at North Whitefield | 8.0 | 13.71 ft | 6 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 58 of 1,581 months since 1895 (4%); the longest spell lasted 14 months.
58
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
16
Months in extreme drought
4%
Share of all months, severe or worse
23
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
November 1941
−4.86, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
14 months
June 1965 to July 1966.
Latest month
September 2026
−3.44, severe drought
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides
6 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.7 in 2012.
1
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
16
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
6
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
October 16, 2012
Magnitude 4.7
5 km W of Hollis Center, Maine; 49.8 miles away, 10.0 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
January 14, 2023
Magnitude 3.3
7 km ESE of Dedham, Maine; 47.1 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Oct 16, 2012 | 4.7 | 49.8 |
| May 29, 1983 | 4.2 | 40.8 |
| Apr 26, 1957 | 4.4 | 34.4 |
| Aug 21, 1918 | 4.2 | 36.1 |
| Jan 22, 1910 | 4.1 | 33.1 |
| Jul 15, 1905 | 4.5 | 12.7 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Tsunamis
Highest water recorded
Oct 28, 2008
11.8 ft, Boothbay Harbor, ME
From Maine.
On record
1 tsunami
Since 2008.
| Oct 28, 2008 | Maine | 11.8 | 0 |
- Places where NOAA's Global Historical Tsunami Database records a tsunami's water arriving, with the greatest height it reached above sea level at the time. Only tsunamis NOAA rates probable or definite are counted. Heights from eyewitness accounts and tide gauges are mixed, and older events are less completely recorded.
NOAA NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Mapped landslides
3
Landslides mapped, probable or better
3
With a recorded date
2
Source inventories
Mapped by ME GS (2), NASA (1).
- Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.
USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
435 events in the National Weather Service record, 413 of them since 1996.
10
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
0
Hail, 2 inches or larger
54
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
169
Winter weather events since 1996
2
Heat events since 1996
22
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
June 28, 1992
1.50 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
September 6, 2018
90 mph
More event types since 1996
| Storm surge and tide | 3 | 0 |
| Lightning | 18 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Jan 10, 2024Coastal Flood, Lincoln$5.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
An intense and rapidly deepening area of low pressure over the Great Lakes region (975 mb) combined with modestly high astronomical tides to produce the third highest storm tide ever in Portland (records 1912-present). Further up the Maine coast the storm surge was slightly higher and aligned better with the high tide cycle leading to the all time highest water level reading at Bar Harbor with a water level of 15.49 feet MLLW. A new gauge in Belfast also recorded a water level of 16.38 feet MLLW. In terms of erosion the damage became worst along the Mid-Coast, significant splash-over occurred along the coast, especially in vulnerable southeast facing beaches and necks. Large…
- Jan 13, 2024Coastal Flood, Lincoln$5.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The astronomical tide in Portland was 11.2 feet (MLLW) at 1205 pm. Flood stage is 12 feet (MLLW). The gale to storm force onshore winds produced a storm surge of 3.37 feet in Portland Harbor. The resulting storm tide topped out at 14.57 feet (MLLW) in the Forest City with the tide remaining above flood stage for two hours and 38 minutes.||The storm created significant damage to waterfront areas of Lincoln County due to both inundation flooding and over wash from large coastal swells that overtopped dunes and seawalls. Flooding of area businesses occurred in Boothbay Harbor with lobsters and crabs removed from their tanks so they could swim on the flooded restaurant floors. Many…
- Jan 5, 1998Ice Storm, Lincoln$3.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A severe ICE STORM hit sections of central and southern Maine from January 5 through January 9. One of the hardest hit areas stretched from Bridgton to Lewiston to Augusta to Waterville where ice accreted several inches thick on trees, power lines, and other exposed surfaces causing almost everyone in those areas to lose electrical service. Statewide, the storm knocked out power to about 365,000 customers, an estimated 840,000 people or about 70 percent of the state's population of 1.2 million people. About one third of those that lost power were without electricity for more than a week. For some, the electricity was off for up to 3 weeks. During this time, residents and those…
- Dec 23, 2022Coastal Flood, Lincoln$3.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The morning of December 23rd had perfect alignment of a very high astronomical tide, peak storm surge of 2+ feet and large battering nearshore waves of 15 to 20 feet all coinciding at high tide. The astronomical tide in Portland was 11.3 feet MLLW at 10:16 am, already close to the established 12 foot MLLW minor flood level. The intense onshore winds produced a storm surge of 2.41 feet in Portland Harbor. The resulting storm tide topped out at 13.72 feet MLLW, it���s fourth highest water level in modern history for the Forest City (records 1912-present). The tide remained above flood stage for 195 minutes (945 am - 100 pm). A temporary new tide gauge installed by the Gulf of…
- Apr 16, 2007Flood$1.9 million
National Weather Service narrative
An area of low pressure over the southeastern United States on the morning of Sunday, April 15th, rapidly intensified as it slowly moved north to near New York City by the morning of Monday, April 16th. This intense low in combination with high pressure over eastern Canada produced Overview: An area of low pressure intensified rapidly as it moved slowly from the southeastern United States on the morning of Sunday, April 15th to near New York City by the morning of Monday, April 16th. The intense low over New York City in combination with high pressure over eastern Canada produced a very intense pressure gradient across the area which caused strong east to northeast winds to…
- Jul 2, 2009Lightning$1.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
Lightning struck a home in Nobleboro and ignited a fire that destroyed the home. A homeowner was home at the time and reported sparks throughout the kitchen area. The fire spread rapidly throughout the structure and destroyed the home. Damage was estimated at 1.5 million dollars.
- Apr 16, 2007Coastal Flood, Lincoln$1.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
High astronomical tides combined with strong northeast winds and large battering waves to produce severe coastal flooding across most of the Maine coast. It was the seventh highest tide ever recorded in Portland Harbor in modern day history (13.28 feet). The Fort Point tide gage reached 12.15 feet. Many roads were closed and residents evacuated. Damage to marinas, buoys, docks and coastal property was significant. Channel markers went adrift from their 20,000 pound blocks, causing navigation problems for mariners. The Portland Large Navigational buoy was heavily damaged while measuring 32 foot waves and was later found drifting near the Isles of Shoals. Water and waves were over…
- Dec 11, 2008Ice Storm, Lincoln$556,000
National Weather Service narrative
A major winter storm brought a mixture of snow, sleet, and freezing rain to Maine from the morning of December 11th to the morning of December 12th. The greatest impact in the state was in coastal counties of the state where a significant ice storm occurred. Following the ice storm, recovery and restoration efforts were negatively impacted by additional winter weather events that passed through the state. ||The ice storm was caused by an area of low pressure that moved northeastward along a stalled frontal boundary off the East Coast. Near ground level, cold air from eastern Canada funneled southward into the region on northerly winds. Southerly winds at higher levels of the…
- May 1, 2023Flood$476,000
National Weather Service narrative
The Sheepscot River came out of banks and flooded portions of High Tide Road or Route 194 just south of Hollywood Boulevard. Floodwaters were up to the foundations of a few homes. The river crested at 8.56 feet around 6 PM on the evening of May 1. Floodwaters damaged Route 194.
- Aug 3, 2008Lightning$300,000
National Weather Service narrative
Lightning struck a home in Newcastle and ignited a fire that destroyed the residence.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Newcastle, 1 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1965.
- All-time high
- 101°FAug 2, 1975
- All-time low
- −24°FFeb 4, 2023
- Warmest night
- 75°F2 times, most recently Jun 27, 2007
- Coldest day
- −4°F2 times, most recently Jan 15, 2004
- Wettest day
- 5.78 inSep 30, 2015
- Snowiest day
- 22.0 inFeb 13, 2017
- Hottest year
- 2021mean 48.6°F
- Coldest year
- 1989mean 43.1°F
- Wettest year
- 200571.56 in
- Driest year
- 198533.81 in
- Snowiest season
- 139.3 in1970-71
Median first snow
November 18
Earliest: October 9, 1988
Median last snow
April 9
Latest: May 10, 1977
0 of 60 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Newcastle (USC00175675), 213 ft elevation, 1.0 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1965 to August 31, 2026; 98.7% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
30 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms and Flooding, March 20, 2024.
| Mar 20, 2024 | Severe Storm | DR-4764-ME |
| Sep 14, 2023 | Hurricane | EM-3598-ME |
| Jul 6, 2023 | Flood | DR-4719-ME |
| Apr 4, 2020 | Biological | DR-4522-ME |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3444-ME |
| Jan 2, 2018 | Severe Storm | DR-4354-ME |
| Sep 13, 2011 | Hurricane | DR-4032-ME |
| Mar 25, 2010 | Severe Storm | DR-1891-ME |
| Jul 30, 2009 | Severe Storm | DR-1852-ME |
| Jan 9, 2009 | Severe Storm | DR-1815-ME |
| Dec 15, 2008 | Severe Storm | EM-3298-ME |
| May 9, 2008 | Flood | DR-1755-ME |
| Apr 25, 2007 | Severe Storm | DR-1693-ME |
| Apr 20, 2007 | Flood | DR-1691-ME |
| Sep 19, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3256-ME |
| Jun 29, 2005 | Severe Storm | DR-1591-ME |
| May 14, 2003 | Freezing | DR-1468-ME |
| Mar 20, 2001 | Snowstorm | EM-3164-ME |
| Jan 13, 1998 | Severe Storm | DR-1198-ME |
| May 11, 1993 | Flood | DR-988-ME |
| Mar 15, 1993 | Snowstorm | EM-3099-ME |
| Nov 7, 1991 | Coastal Storm | DR-921-ME |
| Aug 28, 1991 | Hurricane | DR-915-ME |
| Apr 9, 1987 | Flood | DR-788-ME |
| Sep 20, 1980 | Fishing Losses | EM-3082-ME |
| Feb 17, 1978 | Flood | DR-550-ME |
| Jan 18, 1974 | Flood | DR-410-ME |
| Sep 28, 1972 | Fishing Losses | DR-356-ME |
| Mar 7, 1972 | Flood | DR-326-ME |
| Feb 27, 1970 | Flood | DR-284-ME |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Lincoln County stands among 16 counties in Maine and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 2 | 13 / 16 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 0 | — |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 18 | 3 / 16 |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 3 | 1 / 16 |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 0 | — |
| Flood insurance claims | 149 | 7 / 16 |
| Flood insurance paid | $3.6 million | 6 / 16 |
| Disaster declarations | 30 | 7 / 16 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 40 | 15 / 16 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 150 | 14 / 16 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 169 | 14 / 16 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $24.7 million | 11 / 16 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 6 | 5 / 16 |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 0.0 | — |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 58 | 15 / 16 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 14.3 | 14 / 16 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 6 | 7 / 16 |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 1 | 12 / 16 |
Neighbouring counties
| Kennebec County | 11 | 16 |
| Knox County | 1 | 16 |
| Sagadahoc County | 2 | 17 |
| Waldo County | 3 | 15 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00175675.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Tsunamis NOAA NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database.
- Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.