Dutchess County
Population 300,708 (2025) 796 sq mi
23 tropical storms and hurricanes have passed within 50 miles of Dutchess County since 1851, 3 of them at hurricane strength; the strongest was an unnamed storm in 1938 (Category 2).
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 195016
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger39
- Major flood years since 19785
At a glance
The record for Dutchess County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Strongest tornado
F1
July 31, 1992, 22.7 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
Cat. 2
Hurricane (unnamed), 1938, 26.9 miles away
Tornadoes
About one every 4.8 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
July 31, 1992
F1, 22.7 mile path
73 yards wide.
Most recent
Monday, July 18, 2022
EFU, 0.0 mile path
4 years ago.
Every recorded tornado
| Jul 18, 2022 | EFU | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 12, 2021 | EF1 | 2.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 21, 2021 | EF1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 15, 2018 | EF1 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 31, 2017 | EF1 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 25, 2006 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 28, 2003 | F1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 16, 2002 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 31, 2002 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 18, 2000 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 31, 1992 | F1 | 22.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 5, 1992 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 21, 1988 | F1 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 25, 1987 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 12, 1984 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 7, 1978 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Dutchess County: 0.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
23 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 3 at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
September 21, 1938
Unnamed storm, Category 2
26.9 miles at closest approach, winds near 100 mph.
Most recent
September 2, 2021
Ida, Post-tropical
74.5 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Ida | 2021 | 74.5 | Post-tropical |
| Elsa | 2021 | 76.0 | Tropical storm |
| Isaias | 2020 | 24.1 | Tropical storm |
| Andrea | 2013 | 75.5 | Post-tropical |
| Irene | 2011 | 11.7 | Tropical storm |
| Hanna | 2008 | 45.7 | Tropical storm |
| Barry | 2007 | 93.4 | Post-tropical |
| Floyd | 1999 | 39.2 | Tropical storm |
| Bertha | 1996 | 31.2 | Tropical storm |
| Gloria | 1985 | 31.4 | Category 1 |
| Henri | 1985 | 73.5 | Tropical storm |
| David | 1979 | 53.8 | Tropical storm |
| Belle | 1976 | 30.0 | Tropical storm |
| Agnes | 1972 | 3.2 | Post-tropical |
| Doria | 1971 | 10.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1968 | 27.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1961 | 45.8 | Tropical storm |
| Donna | 1960 | 60.6 | Category 1 |
| Brenda | 1960 | 29.0 | Tropical storm |
| Diane | 1955 | 59.2 | Tropical storm |
| Carol | 1954 | 80.8 | Category 3 |
| Able | 1952 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1949 | 35.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1944 | 81.6 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1938 | 26.9 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 35.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 63.8 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1929 | 50.3 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1924 | 16.5 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 64.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1915 | 11.2 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1908 | 80.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1904 | 81.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1903 | 81.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1902 | 68.6 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1899 | 8.5 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1897 | 64.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1894 | 56.9 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 5.5 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 55.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 9.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1882 | 64.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1878 | 20.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1877 | 77.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1874 | 26.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1872 | 42.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1869 | 92.2 | Category 3 |
| Unnamed | 1866 | 0.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1863 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1861 | 73.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1861 | 26.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1858 | 79.7 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1851 | 96.9 | Tropical storm |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 51 days
Heavy smoke on 10 days in 2023, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
14.5 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
18 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 19 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
765 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $14.0 million paid.
Most claims in one year
2011: 216 claims
$4.5 million paid.
2nd most
2007: 150 claims
$4.2 million paid.
3rd most
2021: 78 claims
$1.7 million paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 12533 | 130 | $2.6 million |
| 12524 | 94 | $1.9 million |
| 12603 | 81 | $915,000 |
| 12601 | 60 | $1.1 million |
| 12569 | 55 | $1.4 million |
| 12522 | 52 | $441,000 |
| 12508 | 50 | $495,000 |
| 12590 | 49 | $350,000 |
| 12564 | 30 | $2.9 million |
| 12538 | 27 | $307,000 |
| 12571 | 23 | $378,000 |
| 12540 | 22 | $207,000 |
| 12572 | 13 | $128,000 |
| 12501 | 7 | $21,000 |
| 7 | $65,000 | |
| 12570 | 7 | $36,000 |
| 12583 | 7 | $39,000 |
| 12578 | 7 | $100,000 |
| 12592 | 7 | $23,000 |
| 12545 | 5 | $31,000 |
| 12581 | 5 | $17,000 |
| 12580 | 5 | $119,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood64
- Flood40
- Heavy Rain7
1 death recorded in flood events since 1996.
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
Most severe crest
August 19, 1955
Wappingers Creek at Wappinger Falls, 19.60 ft
11.60 feet above the 8.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
October 30, 2022
Hudson River near Poughkeepsie, 9.05 ft
Major flooding.
River gauges
| Hudson River near Poughkeepsie | 4.2 | 9.05 ft | 1 |
| Tenmile River near Gaylordsville | 9.0 | 14.90 ft | 2 |
| Wappingers Creek at Wappinger Falls | 8.0 | 19.60 ft | 5 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 68 of 1,581 months since 1895 (4%); the longest spell lasted 26 months.
68
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
29
Months in extreme drought
4%
Share of all months, severe or worse
16
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
July 1965
−5.63, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
26 months
July 1964 to August 1966.
Latest month
September 2026
−1.88, mild drought
Last severe month: June 2026.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes and landslides
35 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 1907; none reached magnitude 4.
2
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
12
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
0
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
October 19, 1985
Magnitude 3.6
1 km SSW of Greenville, New York; 32.7 miles away, 3.7 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
August 2, 2025
Magnitude 3.0
0 km W of Little Ferry, New Jersey; 40.6 miles away.
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Mapped landslides
1
Landslides mapped, probable or better
1
With a recorded date
1
Source inventory
Mapped by NASA (1).
- Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.
USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
1,811 events in the National Weather Service record, 1,625 of them since 1996.
90
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
3
Hail, 2 inches or larger
473
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
332
Winter weather events since 1996
157
Heat events since 1996
113
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
June 8, 2011
2.75 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
May 18, 2000
145 mph
More event types since 1996
| Storm surge and tide | 1 | 0 |
| Lightning | 15 | 2 |
| Dust storms and dust devils | 1 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Apr 16, 2007Flood$5.7 million
National Weather Service narrative
Heavy rain led to widespread flooding of small streams and creeks across the county, which began during the early morning hours of Monday, April 16th, and persisted into Wednesday morning on the 18th.|Record flooding occurred on the Wappingers Creek at Wappingers Falls, which crested at 15.06 feet at 19:45 EST on the 16th, which was 7.06 feet above the flood stage of 8.0 feet.|Moderate flooding also was recorded along the Tenmile River at Webatuck, which crested at 11.23 feet at 16:45 EST on the 16th. |Widespread flooding led to numerous road closures, which included large stretches of the Taconic State Parkway in both directions throughout the county.|In addition, numerous home…
- Jan 19, 1996Flood, Western Dutchess$3.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
An intense area of low pressure which was located over the Mid-Atlantic region on Friday morning January 19th produced unseasonably warm temperatures, high dewpoints and strong winds. This resulted in rapid melting of one to three feet of snow. In addition to the rapid snowmelt one to three inches of rain fell as the system moved northeast along the coast. This resulted in widespread flooding across Dutchess County. Federal Disaster Assistance was made available by presidential declaration. Small streams flooded across the entire county which resulted in many roads being washed out. Extensive flooding also occurred along the Hudson River and Wappingers Creek. In the higher terrain…
- Jan 19, 1996Flood, Eastern Dutchess$3.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
An intense area of low pressure which was located over the Mid-Atlantic region on Friday morning January 19th produced unseasonably warm temperatures, high dewpoints and strong winds. This resulted in rapid melting of one to three feet of snow. In addition to the rapid snowmelt one to three inches of rain fell as the system moved northeast along the coast. This resulted in widespread flooding across Dutchess County. Federal Disaster Assistance was made available by presidential declaration. Small streams flooded across the entire county which resulted in many roads being washed out. Extensive flooding also occurred along the Hudson River and Wappingers Creek. In the higher terrain…
- Aug 9, 2000Thunderstorm Wind$3.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Thunderstorms developed along a stalled boundary across eastern New York late on August 9. Aided by a very humid, unstable airmass and a strong disturbance aloft, some of these became severe. A lone thunderstorm produced dime-sized hail at Summit, Schoharie county. Thunderstorms produced dime-size hail in Stephentown, Rensselaer county. Then about an hour later, the same spotter in Stephentown reported another thunderstorm with nickle-size hail, followed by quarter-size hail, as well as trees and powerlines blown down. Also in Rensselaer county, large limbs and wires were blown down at Schodack Center. Many trees were knocked down at Coeymans Hollow in Albany county. The wind…
- Aug 9, 2000Thunderstorm Wind$2.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Thunderstorms developed along a stalled boundary across eastern New York late on August 9. Aided by a very humid, unstable airmass and a strong disturbance aloft, some of these became severe. A lone thunderstorm produced dime-sized hail at Summit, Schoharie county. Thunderstorms produced dime-size hail in Stephentown, Rensselaer county. Then about an hour later, the same spotter in Stephentown reported another thunderstorm with nickle-size hail, followed by quarter-size hail, as well as trees and powerlines blown down. Also in Rensselaer county, large limbs and wires were blown down at Schodack Center. Many trees were knocked down at Coeymans Hollow in Albany county. The wind…
- Sep 16, 1999Flash Flood$900,000
National Weather Service narrative
The remnants of Hurricane Floyd moved up the eastern seaboard on September 16 and during the early hours on September 17. The storm brought both high winds and exceptionally heavy rainfall to eastern New York, which included a large swath of 3 to 6 inch amounts. A frontal zone helped concentrate the heaviest rain just to the west of the Hudson Valley in the eastern Catskills and Helderbergs . Locally higher amounts of rainfall, exceeding a foot, fell in these areas. Specific rainfall amounts included 6.12 inches at Albany International Airport, the highest ever officially recorded from any given storm! Even higher amounts of rainfall included 8.15 inches in Delmar and 9 inches at…
- Mar 31, 1997Winter Storm, Eastern Dutchess$750,000
National Weather Service narrative
On March 31 and April 1, a classic late season nor'easter tracked from the Chesapeake Bay area northeast to central coastal New Jersey then slowly out to sea. This system produced rain across much of eastern New York during the morning hours of March 31. The rain changed to heavy wet snow by early afternoon. Heavy snow fell over eastern New York from the Mohawk Valley southward. Snowfall amounts were highly elevation dependent. Snowfall exceeded 2 feet in many mountain locations. Some specific snowfall totals included: 15 inches at the Albany Airport, 26 inches at Berne in Albany County, 9 inches at Rotterdam in Schenectady County, 11 inches at Poestenkill in Rensselaer County, 10…
- Mar 31, 1997Winter Storm, Western Dutchess$750,000
National Weather Service narrative
On March 31 and April 1, a classic late season nor'easter tracked from the Chesapeake Bay area northeast to central coastal New Jersey then slowly out to sea. This system produced rain across much of eastern New York during the morning hours of March 31. The rain changed to heavy wet snow by early afternoon. Heavy snow fell over eastern New York from the Mohawk Valley southward. Snowfall amounts were highly elevation dependent. Snowfall exceeded 2 feet in many mountain locations. Some specific snowfall totals included: 15 inches at the Albany Airport, 26 inches at Berne in Albany County, 9 inches at Rotterdam in Schenectady County, 11 inches at Poestenkill in Rensselaer County, 10…
- Sep 16, 1999High Wind, Western Dutchess$400,000
National Weather Service narrative
The remnants of Hurricane Floyd moved up the eastern seaboard on September 16 and during the early hours on September 17. The storm brought both high winds and exceptionally heavy rainfall to eastern New York, which included a large swath of 3 to 6 inch amounts. A frontal zone helped concentrate the heaviest rain just to the west of the Hudson Valley in the eastern Catskills and Helderbergs . Locally higher amounts of rainfall, exceeding a foot, fell in these areas. Specific rainfall amounts included 6.12 inches at Albany International Airport, the highest ever officially recorded from any given storm! Even higher amounts of rainfall included 8.15 inches in Delmar and 9 inches at…
- Sep 1, 2021Flash Flood$300,000
National Weather Service narrative
Several roads were closed in the town of East Fishkill due to flash flooding. The County Executive declared a state of emergency and restricted all non-essential travel due to the flooding.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Poughkeepsie Airport, 4.2 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1948.
- All-time high
- 103°F3 times, most recently Jul 2, 2026
- All-time low
- −30°FJan 21, 1961
- Warmest night
- 80°FAug 2, 2006
- Coldest day
- 1°FJan 15, 1957
- Wettest day
- 7.57 inOct 8, 2005
- Snowiest day
- 15.0 in2 times, most recently Feb 7, 1967
- Hottest year
- 2012mean 53.5°F
- Coldest year
- 1958mean 47.6°F
- Wettest year
- 201162.01 in
- Driest year
- 196424.52 in
Station Poughkeepsie Airport (USW00014757), 153 ft elevation, 4.2 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1948 to October 26, 2026; 86.9% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
27 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms and Flooding, July 22, 2023.
| Jul 22, 2023 | Severe Storm | DR-4723-NY |
| Sep 5, 2021 | Hurricane | DR-4615-NY |
| Sep 2, 2021 | Hurricane | EM-3572-NY |
| Aug 22, 2021 | Hurricane | EM-3565-NY |
| Mar 20, 2020 | Biological | DR-4480-NY |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3434-NY |
| Jul 12, 2017 | Snowstorm | DR-4322-NY |
| Oct 28, 2012 | Hurricane | EM-3351-NY |
| Aug 31, 2011 | Hurricane | DR-4020-NY |
| Feb 18, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-1957-NY |
| Dec 18, 2008 | Severe Storm | EM-3299-NY |
| Apr 24, 2007 | Severe Storm | DR-1692-NY |
| Sep 30, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3262-NY |
| Aug 3, 2004 | Severe Storm | DR-1534-NY |
| Aug 23, 2003 | Other | EM-3186-NY |
| Mar 27, 2003 | Snowstorm | EM-3184-NY |
| Sep 11, 2001 | Fire | DR-1391-NY |
| Oct 11, 2000 | Other | EM-3155-NY |
| Jul 21, 2000 | Severe Storm | DR-1335-NY |
| Sep 19, 1999 | Hurricane | DR-1296-NY |
| Jan 24, 1996 | Flood | DR-1095-NY |
| Jan 12, 1996 | Snowstorm | DR-1083-NY |
| Mar 17, 1993 | Snowstorm | EM-3107-NY |
| Nov 10, 1987 | Snowstorm | DR-801-NY |
| Jul 20, 1973 | Flood | DR-401-NY |
| Sep 13, 1971 | Flood | DR-311-NY |
| Aug 18, 1965 | Drought | DR-204-NY |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Dutchess County stands among 62 counties in New York and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 16 | 7 / 62 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 0 | — |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 23 | 7 / 62 |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 3 | 8 / 62 |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 0 | — |
| Flood insurance claims | 765 | 21 / 62 |
| Flood insurance paid | $14.0 million | 19 / 62 |
| Disaster declarations | 27 | 17 / 62 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 111 | 28 / 62 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 876 | 3 / 62 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 332 | 18 / 62 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $27.1 million | 41 / 62 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 8 | 22 / 62 |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 0.0 | — |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 68 | 44 / 62 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 14.5 | 59 / 62 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 0 | — |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 2 | 11 / 62 |
Neighbouring counties
| Berkshire County MA | 19 | 19 |
| Columbia County | 14 | 18 |
| Fairfield County CT | 17 | 29 |
| Orange County | 13 | 22 |
| Putnam County | 6 | 21 |
| Ulster County | 14 | 16 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00014757.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.