The severe wind outbreak of July 28, 2023

460 wind reportsIllinois, Virginia, Iowa and 23 more states

460 damaging wind reports across 26 states between 2:17 AM and 12:55 AM the next day CDT, 38 of them 65 knots (75 mph) or stronger; the strongest measured gust was 96 mph in Jones County, IA. 166 hail reports and 17 tornadoes the same day.

Watch the day unfold

Severe wind day · July 28, 2023

How the day unfolded

Every damaging wind report of the day at its logged time, with the day's hail reports and tornadoes, and the counties they reached.

About this replay

Central time—Historical replay — logged report times

Wind reports—of 460 that day

Strongest gust—measured, so far

Largest hail—so far

The day’s milestones

Wind reportsLarger and brighter with speed; filled when measured, a ring when estimated

Hail and tornadoesHail reports as diamonds; the day's tornado paths in green

Counties reportingLit at their first report, brighter with a 65-knot gust or 2-inch hail

Source: NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database (wind, hail and tornado reports with their logged times and places). Each report is a damage or measurement report, not a separate storm; several can describe one gust front. Tornado paths are drawn at a typical forward speed of 35 mph. Times are Central Daylight Time.

The day in numbers

Wind reports: 460; 51st of 15,807 days with wind reports since 1955
75 mph or more: 38; 5 of 86 mph (75 knots) or more
Strongest measured gust: 96 mph; 83 knots, Jones County, IA
Measured: 62; reports with an instrument reading; the rest are estimates from damage
Killed by wind: 0; 1 injured
Counties reporting: 189; in 26 states

Hour by hour

Damaging wind reports in each hour, Central Daylight Time.

The strongest winds

The 100 strongest reports with a speed. Measured gusts come from an instrument; estimated speeds are judged from damage.

Strongest wind reports, July 28, 2023

8:22 PM	Jones County IA	96 mph	83	Measured
7:50 PM	Marshall County IA	93 mph	81	Measured
8:05 PM	Linn County IA	90 mph	78	Estimated
8:11 PM	Linn County IA	90 mph	78	Estimated
8:20 PM	Linn County IA	90 mph	78	Estimated
8:02 PM	Linn County IA	82 mph	71	Measured
11:10 PM	Will County IL	82 mph	71	Measured
10:50 PM	Kendall County IL	81 mph	70	Measured
11:00 PM	Grundy County IL	81 mph	70	Measured
6:11 PM	Baltimore County MD	81 mph	70	Estimated
6:20 PM	Baltimore County MD	81 mph	70	Estimated
6:30 PM	Baltimore County MD	81 mph	70	Estimated
6:52 PM	Harford County MD	81 mph	70	Estimated
7:55 PM	Marshall County IA	81 mph	70	Estimated
8:10 PM	Linn County IA	81 mph	70	Estimated
8:20 PM	Linn County IA	81 mph	70	Estimated
8:22 PM	Yuma County CO	81 mph	70	Estimated
8:25 PM	Stephenson County IL	81 mph	70	Estimated
8:38 PM	Stephenson County IL	81 mph	70	Estimated
10:15 PM	LaSalle County IL	81 mph	70	Estimated
10:36 PM	Kendall County IL	81 mph	70	Estimated
10:37 PM	Kendall County IL	81 mph	70	Estimated
10:42 PM	Kendall County IL	81 mph	70	Estimated
10:14 PM	Brown County KS	79 mph	69	Measured
11:50 PM	Lake County IN	79 mph	69	Measured
7:47 PM	Marshall County IA	77 mph	67	Measured
9:22 PM	Richland County WI	77 mph	67	Measured
9:25 PM	Sauk County WI	77 mph	67	Measured
5:10 AM	Iroquois County IL	75 mph	65	Measured
8:10 PM	Linn County IA	75 mph	65	Measured
10:16 AM	Jefferson County WI	75 mph	65	Estimated
5:07 PM	Shenandoah County VA	75 mph	65	Estimated
5:15 PM	Montgomery County MD	75 mph	65	Estimated
5:43 PM	Cloud County KS	75 mph	65	Estimated
6:02 PM	Cloud County KS	75 mph	65	Estimated
7:47 PM	La Crosse County WI	75 mph	65	Estimated
8:18 PM	Jones County IA	75 mph	65	Estimated
10:42 PM	Walworth County WI	75 mph	65	Estimated
3:15 AM	Ogle County IL	72 mph	63	Measured
7:43 PM	Pottawatomie County KS	72 mph	63	Measured
8:15 PM	Linn County IA	72 mph	63	Measured
8:46 PM	Juneau County WI	72 mph	63	Measured
7:55 AM	Weld County CO	71 mph	62	Measured
8:39 PM	Cedar County IA	71 mph	62	Measured
9:53 PM	Brown County KS	71 mph	62	Measured
10:54 PM	Grundy County IL	71 mph	62	Measured
5:44 PM	Park County MT	70 mph	61	Measured
7:16 PM	Buchanan County IA	70 mph	61	Measured
10:25 PM	DeKalb County IL	70 mph	61	Measured
3:26 PM	Clarke County VA	70 mph	61	Estimated
4:15 PM	Berkeley County WV	70 mph	61	Estimated
5:20 PM	Montgomery County MD	70 mph	61	Estimated
5:40 PM	Carroll County MD	70 mph	61	Estimated
5:50 PM	Carroll County MD	70 mph	61	Estimated
6:05 PM	Cloud County KS	70 mph	61	Estimated
6:15 PM	Nelson County VA	70 mph	61	Estimated
6:31 PM	Buffalo County WI	70 mph	61	Estimated
6:40 PM	Harford County MD	70 mph	61	Estimated
6:50 PM	Harford County MD	70 mph	61	Estimated
7:49 PM	Delaware County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
7:50 PM	La Crosse County WI	70 mph	61	Estimated
7:56 PM	Pima County AZ	70 mph	61	Estimated
7:58 PM	Linn County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:00 PM	Delaware County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:07 PM	Linn County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:09 PM	Linn County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:10 PM	Jones County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:15 PM	Riley County KS	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:23 PM	Jones County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:24 PM	Linn County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:25 PM	Johnson County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:30 PM	Jo Daviess County IL	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:30 PM	Johnson County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:30 PM	Adams County WI	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:30 PM	Cedar County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:34 PM	Adams County WI	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:34 PM	Adams County WI	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:35 PM	Jones County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:35 PM	Cedar County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:39 PM	Juneau County WI	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:40 PM	Clinton County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:45 PM	Stephenson County IL	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:55 PM	Adams County WI	70 mph	61	Estimated
8:58 PM	Jackson County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
9:00 PM	Washington County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
9:05 PM	Jackson County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
9:10 PM	Washington County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
9:15 PM	Whiteside County IL	70 mph	61	Estimated
9:15 PM	Clinton County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
9:15 PM	Clinton County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
9:15 PM	Clinton County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
9:28 PM	Iowa County IA	70 mph	61	Estimated
9:50 PM	Ogle County IL	70 mph	61	Estimated
9:52 PM	Lee County IL	70 mph	61	Estimated
9:52 PM	Ogle County IL	70 mph	61	Estimated
10:04 PM	Lee County IL	70 mph	61	Estimated
10:30 PM	Jefferson County WI	70 mph	61	Estimated
10:40 PM	Kendall County IL	70 mph	61	Estimated
10:45 PM	Kendall County IL	70 mph	61	Estimated
11:00 PM	Grundy County IL	70 mph	61	Estimated

By state

Severe weather reports by state, July 28, 2023

Illinois	72	82 mph	8	1.75
Virginia	65	64 mph	3	1.25
Iowa	62	96 mph	13	2.75
West Virginia	56	62 mph	1	1.25
Wisconsin	50	77 mph	40	4.00
Maryland	45	—	0	—
Indiana	26	79 mph	3	1.25
Kansas	16	79 mph	7	2.00
Pennsylvania	12	—	0	—
Georgia	8	—	2	1.00
Ohio	8	—	2	1.00
Kentucky	7	59 mph	0	—
Michigan	5	61 mph	0	—
Alabama	4	—	1	0.88
North Carolina	4	—	1	0.75
Delaware	4	—	0	—
South Carolina	4	—	0	—
Colorado	3	71 mph	0	—
Arizona	2	—	2	1.75
Nebraska	1	—	65	4.50
Wyoming	1	—	11	1.50
Montana	1	70 mph	3	1.75
South Dakota	1	—	3	1.50
Tennessee	1	—	1	1.00
Minnesota	1	—	0	—
Utah	1	64 mph	0	—

Counties with the most wind reports

Linn CountyIA · 18 reports
Will CountyIL · 10 reports
Lake CountyIN · 9 reports
Kendall CountyIL · 9 reports
Cook CountyIL · 8 reports
Cloud CountyKS · 7 reports
Raleigh CountyWV · 7 reports
Montgomery CountyMD · 7 reports
Carroll CountyMD · 7 reports
Putnam CountyWV · 7 reports

Hail and tornadoes that day

166 hail reports, 42 of 2 inches or more; 17 tornadoes.

Largest hail, July 28, 2023

5:22 PM	Dodge County NE	4.50
6:18 PM	Clay County NE	4.00
7:52 PM	La Crosse County WI	4.00
5:23 PM	Dodge County NE	3.00
6:12 PM	Chippewa County WI	3.00
7:19 PM	Trempealeau County WI	3.00
7:45 PM	La Crosse County WI	3.00
5:17 PM	Dodge County NE	2.75
5:19 PM	Dodge County NE	2.75
5:55 PM	Douglas County NE	2.75
6:23 PM	Bremer County IA	2.75
7:33 PM	La Crosse County WI	2.75
7:50 PM	La Crosse County WI	2.75
7:52 PM	La Crosse County WI	2.75
5:24 PM	Dodge County NE	2.50
5:53 PM	Douglas County NE	2.50
5:53 PM	Douglas County NE	2.50
6:05 PM	Douglas County NE	2.50
6:15 PM	Clay County NE	2.50
6:25 PM	Taylor County WI	2.50
7:25 PM	Lafayette County WI	2.50
7:46 PM	La Crosse County WI	2.50
7:46 PM	La Crosse County WI	2.50
8:36 PM	Racine County WI	2.50
8:40 PM	Racine County WI	2.50
6:18 PM	Douglas County NE	2.25
4:55 PM	Dodge County NE	2.00
5:29 PM	Douglas County NE	2.00
5:37 PM	Jewell County KS	2.00
5:40 PM	Hamilton County NE	2.00
5:55 PM	Douglas County NE	2.00
5:57 PM	Douglas County NE	2.00
6:03 PM	Clay County NE	2.00
6:08 PM	Douglas County NE	2.00
6:18 PM	Clay County NE	2.00
6:25 PM	Taylor County WI	2.00
6:29 PM	Clay County NE	2.00
6:41 PM	Price County WI	2.00
7:14 PM	Grant County WI	2.00
7:27 PM	Lafayette County WI	2.00
7:30 PM	Trempealeau County WI	2.00
7:46 PM	La Crosse County WI	2.00
5:09 PM	Dodge County NE	1.75
5:15 PM	Dodge County NE	1.75
5:16 PM	Gallatin County MT	1.75
5:17 PM	Dodge County NE	1.75
5:33 PM	Gallatin County MT	1.75
5:44 PM	Park County MT	1.75
5:50 PM	Douglas County NE	1.75
6:02 PM	Douglas County NE	1.75

EF1 tornado5:46 PM CDT
EF1 tornado5:55 PM CDT
EF0 tornado9:16 PM CDT
EFU tornado10:25 PM CDT
EF1 tornado10:28 PM CDT
EF0 tornado10:32 PM CDT
EF0 tornado10:35 PM CDT
EF0 tornado10:44 PM CDT
EF1 tornado10:52 PM CDT
EF0 tornado10:53 PM CDT
EF0 tornado10:59 PM CDT
EF0 tornado11:07 PM CDT
EF0 tornado11:19 PM CDT
EFU tornado11:22 PM CDT
EF1 tornado11:30 PM CDT
EF0 tornado11:49 PM CDT
EF0 tornado11:54 PM CDT

2023 · On this date in other years · The biggest severe wind days

A report is a single damage or measurement report to the National Weather Service. Several reports can describe one gust front, so reports are not storms.
Reporting has grown with population, spotter networks and the internet, so counts from different decades are not directly comparable.
Thunderstorm wind reports start at 50 knots (58 mph). SPC began flagging measured against estimated speeds in 2006; earlier reports are shown as estimated.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1955 to 2025. A day is SPC’s calendar date in Central Standard Time; a severe wind day here has 300 or more damaging wind reports, or 15 or more of 75 knots (86 mph) or more.